Exercising to optimise healthspan: from evidence to community implementation

Abstract

The convergence of geroscience and physical activity research has sharpened the focus on healthspan—the years of life lived in good health, free from functional limitations, chronic disease or disability.1 As illustrated in figure 1, this period extends until an initial decline in functional capacity. While medical advances may extend lifespan, they can also prolong the period of disease and disability. In contrast, optimising healthspan aims to maintain or enhance functional abilities, thereby compressing the duration of morbidity in later life. This shift not only improves the quality of life for individuals but can also reduce the healthcare and social care burden on families and society. Figure 1 Optimising the healthspan. The healthspan, illustrated as the green-to-orange phase, represents the years lived free from functional limitations, chronic disease or disability (A). Curative medicine may extend life (B), but optimal healthspan is achieved by preserving function (C). Adapted from Seals et al ,1 reproduced with permission from Wagner et al .19 Ageing is associated with declines in aerobic capacity, muscle strength and mitochondrial function, all strongly linked to disability and mortality.2–5 Conversely, individuals who maintain adequate cardiorespiratory fitness not only live longer but also spend fewer years with disease.6 7 Longevity is not just about years lived, but …