Ocular surface and tear film in university students who use inhalant substances, mainly vapers.

Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI:10.1016/j.oftale.2025.09.003

A B López Álvarez, D A Ulloa Delgado, D C Palencia Flórez, M C Morón Barreto

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Abstract

Objective: To determine the state of ocular surface and tear film in college students who are users of inhalants, mainly vapers.

Methods: We conducted a descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study with 62 participants whose sociodemographic characteristics, ocular surface status, tear film and variables related to vaping were evaluated. Individuals with a higher (5-7 times per week of consumption) and lower frequency of vaping (1-4 times per week of consumption) were evaluated. Symptom documentation was standardized using the OSDI questionnaire and biomicroscopy to evaluate ocular adnexa and anterior segment structures, blinking frequency and eye protection index (EPI) were also determined.

Results: A total of 76% of participants were men with a median age of 20.37 years, and an age range between 18 and 28 years. Participants with a higher frequency of vaping exhibited blepharitis (60%) (P-value > .05), meibomian gland obstruction (65.63%) (P-value > .05), tarsal conjunctival hyperemia (52.94%) (P-value < .05), tarsal conjunctival hyperemia (52.94%) (P-value < .05), generalized bulbar hyperemia (72.73%) (P-value > .05), papillary reaction (60%) (P-value > .05), conjunctival staining (75%) (P-value > .05), limbal redness (61.54%) (P-value > .05). A normal Schirmer I (median 31 mm/5 min), short tear breakup time (median 3.5 s in BUT) and a lower number of blinks per minute (median 10.75) were found, yet the EPI was lower (median 0.58).

Conclusions: Vaping could be associated with ocular health alterations, such as blepharitis, meibomian gland obstruction, conjunctival hyperemia, conjunctival staining and altered tear quality. Follow-up studies are recommended to establish causal relationships.

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使用吸入性物质（主要是电子烟）的大学生的眼表和泪膜。

目的：了解吸吸剂（以电子烟为主）的大学生眼表及泪膜状态。方法：我们对62名参与者进行了描述性、观察性和横断面研究，他们的社会人口学特征、眼表状态、泪膜和与电子烟相关的变量进行了评估。对吸电子烟频率较高（每周5-7次）和频率较低（每周1-4次）的人进行了评估。采用OSDI问卷和生物显微镜对症状进行标准化记录，评估眼附件和前节结构，并测定眨眼频率和眼保护指数（EPI）。结果：共有76%的参与者是男性，年龄中位数为20.37岁，年龄范围在18至28岁之间。吸电子烟频率较高的参与者表现为睑炎（60%）（p值> 0.05）、睑板腺梗阻（65.63%）（p值> 0.05）、睑结膜充血（52.94%）（p值< 0.05）、睑结膜充血（52.94%）（p值< 0.05）。05)，全发性球充血（72.73%）（P-value > 0.05），乳头状反应（60%）（P-value > 0.05），结膜染色（75%）（P-value > 0.05），角膜缘红肿（61.54%）（P-value > 0.05）。Schirmer I正常（中位数为31 mm/5分钟），泪液破裂时间短（中位数为3.5秒），每分钟眨眼次数较低（中位数为10.75），但EPI较低（中位数为0.58）。结论：电子烟可能与眼部健康改变有关，如睑膜炎、睑板腺阻塞、结膜充血、结膜染色和泪液质量改变。建议进行后续研究以确定因果关系。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia

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