{"title":"Blood Donation Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Amid Instability: A Biphasic Cross-Sectional Study in West Bank, Palestine (2022 vs 2025).","authors":"Ibrahim Amer Ghannam","doi":"10.1177/23779608251376516","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Blood supply shortages remain a pressing global health issue, particularly in resource-limited regions. The West Bank region in Palestine, characterized by frequent conflicts and instability, faces additional challenges due to its fragile healthcare system, where a substantial proportion of blood donations still relies on family-replacement donors rather than voluntary donations.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examines changes in knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to blood donation among Palestinians from 2022 to 2025, aiming to guide strategies for a sustainable voluntary donation system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comparative cross-sectional survey was conducted in two phases during January to February 2022 and 2025 using cluster sampling, involving 1,270 adults (626 in 2022; 644 in 2025). Electronic questionnaires on KAP were distributed digitally. KAP scores, demographics, and donation behaviors were analyzed with t-tests, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression to evaluate trends and predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Blood donation knowledge improved from 47.1% in 2022 to 50.9% in 2025 (<i>p</i> < .001). Positive attitudes were reported by 93.4% of participants, yet 77% had never donated. Voluntary donations accounted for 43.2% of donations, while family-replacement donations remained significant at 34.2%. Males were twice as likely to donate as females (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-2.6; <i>p</i> < .001). Unemployed individuals (adjusted OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1-3.2; <i>p</i> = .024) and general workers (adjusted OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.5-4.7; <i>p</i> < .001) donated more frequently than health professionals. Lack of opportunity was the main barrier to blood donation for 65.9% of nondonors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite knowledge gains and positive attitudes, a significant gap remains between positive attitudes and actual donation rates, with family-replacement donations still comprising a substantial share. Targeted educational campaigns, improved access to donation facilities, and community engagement with healthcare stakeholders are essential to promoting voluntary donations in resource-limited and conflict-affected regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":43312,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Nursing","volume":"11 ","pages":"23779608251376516"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12413525/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"SAGE Open Nursing","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608251376516","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"NURSING","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Introduction: Blood supply shortages remain a pressing global health issue, particularly in resource-limited regions. The West Bank region in Palestine, characterized by frequent conflicts and instability, faces additional challenges due to its fragile healthcare system, where a substantial proportion of blood donations still relies on family-replacement donors rather than voluntary donations.
Objective: This study examines changes in knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to blood donation among Palestinians from 2022 to 2025, aiming to guide strategies for a sustainable voluntary donation system.
Methods: A comparative cross-sectional survey was conducted in two phases during January to February 2022 and 2025 using cluster sampling, involving 1,270 adults (626 in 2022; 644 in 2025). Electronic questionnaires on KAP were distributed digitally. KAP scores, demographics, and donation behaviors were analyzed with t-tests, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression to evaluate trends and predictors.
Results: Blood donation knowledge improved from 47.1% in 2022 to 50.9% in 2025 (p < .001). Positive attitudes were reported by 93.4% of participants, yet 77% had never donated. Voluntary donations accounted for 43.2% of donations, while family-replacement donations remained significant at 34.2%. Males were twice as likely to donate as females (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-2.6; p < .001). Unemployed individuals (adjusted OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1-3.2; p = .024) and general workers (adjusted OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.5-4.7; p < .001) donated more frequently than health professionals. Lack of opportunity was the main barrier to blood donation for 65.9% of nondonors.
Conclusion: Despite knowledge gains and positive attitudes, a significant gap remains between positive attitudes and actual donation rates, with family-replacement donations still comprising a substantial share. Targeted educational campaigns, improved access to donation facilities, and community engagement with healthcare stakeholders are essential to promoting voluntary donations in resource-limited and conflict-affected regions.
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