A cross-sectional analysis of the nutritional quality and prices of commercial infant and toddler food products in the Canadian food supply.

Abstract

Background: Adequate nutrition is essential for growth and development during infancy and early childhood; however, the healthfulness and cost of commercial infant and toddler food and beverage products (ITP) have not been documented in Canada.

Objective: This study assessed the nutritional quality and prices of ITP in the Canadian food supply.

Design: Using the Food Label Information and Price 2020 database, ITP intended for children < 4-years-old (n = 423) were examined for their energy and nutrient content (per 100 g or mL), the prevalence of products 'High in' nutrient(s)-of-concern (according to Canadian front-of-pack labelling thresholds), and their price (per 100 g or mL).

Results: Median energy level of ITP was 101 kcal [IQR: 67, 400], derived primarily from carbohydrates (21.7 g [14.1, 71.4]). Although total and saturated fat (1.2 g [0, 7.1] and 0 g [0, 0], respectively) and sodium (16 mg [4, 100]) were low, ITP were also low in protein (3.6 g [0.8, 10.0]) and iron (0.9 mg [0.4, 6.0]), and high in sugars (10.9 g [5.5, 17.6]). Based on Canadian front-of-pack labelling thresholds, 59% (n = 248) of products were 'High in' one or more nutrients-of-concern, particularly sugars (55%, n = 234). Prices varied significantly, ranging from $1.32 to $6.95, with toddler products costing more than those for infants ($3.14 vs. $1.55).

Conclusions: Overall, the nutritional quality of commercial ITP in Canada is poor, with many products 'High in' sugars, highlighting the need for healthier, more affordable options and public health policies that can support healthier food environments for infants and toddlers.