{"title":"Insecticidal Activities of Plants Extract Against Malaria Vectors in Hadiya Zone, Ethiopia.","authors":"Anmut Assemie, Dasash Mulu, Alemayehu Getahun, Negalign Awoke, Workineh Muluken, Tigist Enyew, Amha Gebremariam, Yihenew Aynalem","doi":"10.1155/japr/9980264","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental changes due to global warming and human activities have negatively impacted malaria vector control in Hadiya zone, Ethiopia. Plants contain anthraquinoes. Flavonoids, glycosides, phenol, saponin, steroids, tannin, and terpenes that are target specific, rapidly biodegradable, ecofriendly, and less toxic to human health. The objective of the study was to evaluate the insecticidal activities of <i>Azadirachta indica</i> (neem) and <i>Allium sativum</i> L. (garlic) ethanol extracts against malaria vectors in the study area. Then, 20 g from each (<i>A. indica</i> and <i>A. sativum</i> L.) were extracted separately by ethanol solvents. The phytochemical analysis was evaluated from the crude sample based on standard methods. Then, insecticidal activities were evaluated by introducing the fourth instar larva at 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ppm concentrations, and data were subjected to probit analysis to determine the LC<sub>50</sub> and chi-square test to check the significance of the mortality by R statistical software. The presence of phytochemical tests such as alkaloids, saponin, tannin, phenol, anthraquinoes, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, terpenes, and flavonoids was obtained. The mortality of malaria vectors due to ethanol extract of <i>A. indica</i> and <i>A. sativum</i> was observed. The highest (90.66%) mortality was observed in the ethanol extract of <i>A. sativum</i> at 250 ppm concentration. <i>A. sativum</i> extracts have a significant effect only on the mortality of <i>Anopheles gambiae s.l</i> (<i>X</i> <sup>2</sup> = 13.6, <i>p</i> = 0.008687) and <i>Anopheles pharoensis</i> (<i>X</i> <sup>2</sup> = 11.002, <i>p</i> = 0.02655), but <i>A. indica</i> have a significant effect only on the mortality of An.<i>pharoensis</i> (<i>X</i> <sup>2</sup> = 14.26, <i>p</i> = 0.00651). The lowest LC<sub>50</sub> (39 ppm) was observed in the ethanol extract of <i>A. sativum</i>. So, <i>A. sativum</i> extract was highly toxic than <i>A. indica</i> extract and more effective in the reduction of malaria vectors but further studies will be conducted to determine the insecticidal activities at pupa and adult stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9980264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12411049/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Parasitology Research","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1155/japr/9980264","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PARASITOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Environmental changes due to global warming and human activities have negatively impacted malaria vector control in Hadiya zone, Ethiopia. Plants contain anthraquinoes. Flavonoids, glycosides, phenol, saponin, steroids, tannin, and terpenes that are target specific, rapidly biodegradable, ecofriendly, and less toxic to human health. The objective of the study was to evaluate the insecticidal activities of Azadirachta indica (neem) and Allium sativum L. (garlic) ethanol extracts against malaria vectors in the study area. Then, 20 g from each (A. indica and A. sativum L.) were extracted separately by ethanol solvents. The phytochemical analysis was evaluated from the crude sample based on standard methods. Then, insecticidal activities were evaluated by introducing the fourth instar larva at 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ppm concentrations, and data were subjected to probit analysis to determine the LC50 and chi-square test to check the significance of the mortality by R statistical software. The presence of phytochemical tests such as alkaloids, saponin, tannin, phenol, anthraquinoes, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, terpenes, and flavonoids was obtained. The mortality of malaria vectors due to ethanol extract of A. indica and A. sativum was observed. The highest (90.66%) mortality was observed in the ethanol extract of A. sativum at 250 ppm concentration. A. sativum extracts have a significant effect only on the mortality of Anopheles gambiae s.l (X2 = 13.6, p = 0.008687) and Anopheles pharoensis (X2 = 11.002, p = 0.02655), but A. indica have a significant effect only on the mortality of An.pharoensis (X2 = 14.26, p = 0.00651). The lowest LC50 (39 ppm) was observed in the ethanol extract of A. sativum. So, A. sativum extract was highly toxic than A. indica extract and more effective in the reduction of malaria vectors but further studies will be conducted to determine the insecticidal activities at pupa and adult stages.
期刊介绍：
Journal of Parasitology Research is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies in all areas of basic and applied parasitology. Articles covering host-parasite relationships and parasitic diseases will be considered, as well as studies on disease vectors. Articles highlighting social and economic issues around the impact of parasites are also encouraged. As an international, Open Access publication, Journal of Parasitology Research aims to foster learning and collaboration between countries and communities.
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