Technology-bAsed cardiac rehabilitation therapy (TaCT) for women: Intervention implementability, usability, engagement and acceptability in a middle-income setting.
Henita J Menezes, Sonia R B D'Souza, Ramachandran Padmakumar, Abraham S Babu, Rohini R Rao, Meenakshi Garg, Namratha P Kotebagilu, Veena G Kamath, Asha Kamath, Akhila Satyamurthy, Shrikant Sahu, Sherry L Grace
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Abstract
Background: Despite the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), women are under-represented, especially in lower-income settings. Technology may be leveraged to tailor CR to better engage women, but this has never been tested in a middle-income country. This study assessed the implementability, usability, engagement, and acceptability of Technology-bAsed Cardiac rehabilitation Therapy (TaCT) in women with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a middle-income country.
Materials and methods: Data from intervention arm participants in a randomized trial was analyzed. The trial was undertaken in the outpatient cardiology department of a private tertiary care center in India. The 6-month CR intervention was delivered via an app (individualized secondary prevention recommendations), website (patient education), WhatsApp (standardized behavior change promotion messages, yoga/relaxation video, support chat), and bi-weekly one-on-one phone calls with a nurse trainee (risk factor management). At the end of the intervention, participants' engagement, usability (System Usability Scale), and, acceptability (/5) of the program were evaluated using descriptive statistics.
Results: 50 women were randomized to intervention; one died and 49 (100%) were retained. Some participants faced challenges such as internet availability issues and technical glitches. There were no adverse events. Engagement was high for calls (mean = 11.6 ± 1.4/12), WhatsApp messages (mean = 34.2 ± 4.6/36 read) the website (74-151 hits/education page), and the mobile app (7.2 ± 4.2 times/patient); there were no group chat messages. Usability was rated as "excellent" (94.7 ± 5.2/100). Acceptability with the overall intervention was high (means ≥4.5/5), but was lower for information understandability, including diet and exercise recommendations.
Conclusions: Favorable implementability and acceptability, as well as excellent usability and engagement with TaCT were established. Along with favorable outcome results, this suggests that TaCT may serve as a valuable intervention to improve women's access and adherence to CR in resource-constrained environments.