Effects of Imidacloprid on Afrotropical Aquatic Ecosystems: A South African Microcosm Study.

IF 8.4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Marelize Marsay, Paul J van den Brink, Collins Nimako, Yoshinori Ikenaka, Mayumi Ishizuka, Victor Wepener
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Abstract

Pesticides are widely used to meet the food demands of a growing population, with various types used to control pests depending on the crops grown. Rainfall, overspray, and runoff from agricultural fields can wash these insecticides into water bodies, posing documented environmental risks. Imidacloprid is commonly used in Afrotropical regions such as South Africa, yet limited information is available on its toxicity to aquatic ecosystems within this climate region. To address this, a 16-week outdoor microcosm study was conducted, exposing aquatic communities to 0.1, 10 and 250 µg/L imidacloprid under natural conditions. Physicochemical parameters, such as pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and various others, were monitored regularly. The microbial community, organic decomposition and zooplankton were largely unaffected by the exposure to imidacloprid. In contrast, 10 and 250 µg/L of imidacloprid led to long-term effects on the macroinvertebrate community, while short-term effects were found in the 0.1 µg/L treatment. Families such as Coenagrionidae were affected across all treatments, while Caenidae and Notonectidae were only affected in the highest treatment. Changes in the community structure resulted in reduced predator abundance (such as Coenagrionidae, Libellulidae and Notonectidae) and increased filter feeders (Culicidae). High temperatures likely increase the toxicity to arthropods when compared to similar studies with lower light intensities and temperatures. Recovery was limited during the post-exposure period, with some families (Baetidae) rebounding quickly, while others, Caenidae and Coenagrionidae, showed delayed recovery. Full recovery of the macroinvertebrate community systems did not occur during the 8-week recovery period, highlighting the importance of unexposed refuges for recolonization. This study provides important field-realistic evidence of the ecological risks associated with imidacloprid use in Southern African freshwater systems.

吡虫啉对非洲热带水生生态系统的影响:南非的微观研究。
为了满足不断增长的人口对食物的需求,农药被广泛使用,根据所种植的作物,不同类型的农药被用于控制害虫。降雨、过度喷洒和农田径流可将这些杀虫剂冲入水体,造成有记录的环境风险。吡虫啉在南非等非洲热带地区普遍使用,但有关其对该气候区域水生生态系统毒性的信息有限。为了解决这个问题,进行了一项为期16周的室外微观研究,在自然条件下将水生群落暴露于0.1、10和250µg/L吡虫啉。物理化学参数,如pH值、溶解氧、温度和其他各种参数,都被定期监测。微生物群落、有机分解和浮游动物基本上不受吡虫啉的影响。相比之下,10和250µg/L吡虫啉对大型无脊椎动物群落产生长期影响,而0.1µg/L处理则产生短期影响。coenagonidae等科在所有处理中都受到影响,而Caenidae和Notonectidae仅在最高处理中受到影响。群落结构的变化导致捕食者(如Coenagrionidae、Libellulidae和Notonectidae)数量减少,滤食性(库蠓科)数量增加。与较低光照强度和温度的类似研究相比,高温可能会增加对节肢动物的毒性。暴露后恢复有限,部分科(贝伊蚊科)恢复迅速,而其他科(棘螨科和圆锥螨科)恢复缓慢。在8周的恢复期内,大型无脊椎动物群落系统没有完全恢复,这突出了未暴露的避难所对重新定植的重要性。这项研究提供了与在南部非洲淡水系统中使用吡虫啉相关的生态风险的重要现场现实证据。
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来源期刊
Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management
Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCESTOXICOLOGY&nbs-TOXICOLOGY
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
6.50%
发文量
156
期刊介绍: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (IEAM) publishes the science underpinning environmental decision making and problem solving. Papers submitted to IEAM must link science and technical innovations to vexing regional or global environmental issues in one or more of the following core areas: Science-informed regulation, policy, and decision making Health and ecological risk and impact assessment Restoration and management of damaged ecosystems Sustaining ecosystems Managing large-scale environmental change Papers published in these broad fields of study are connected by an array of interdisciplinary engineering, management, and scientific themes, which collectively reflect the interconnectedness of the scientific, social, and environmental challenges facing our modern global society: Methods for environmental quality assessment; forecasting across a number of ecosystem uses and challenges (systems-based, cost-benefit, ecosystem services, etc.); measuring or predicting ecosystem change and adaptation Approaches that connect policy and management tools; harmonize national and international environmental regulation; merge human well-being with ecological management; develop and sustain the function of ecosystems; conceptualize, model and apply concepts of spatial and regional sustainability Assessment and management frameworks that incorporate conservation, life cycle, restoration, and sustainability; considerations for climate-induced adaptation, change and consequences, and vulnerability Environmental management applications using risk-based approaches; considerations for protecting and fostering biodiversity, as well as enhancement or protection of ecosystem services and resiliency.
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