HIV-Associated Lymphomas: Updates from Pathogenesis to Treatment Strategies.

IF 1 4区 医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY
Yi Liu, Jun Li, Yao Liu
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

HIV-associated lymphoma (HAL) is an aggressive malignancy directly linked to HIV infection and accounts for more than 30% of cancer-related deaths in people living with HIV (PLWH). HAL subtypes, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL), exhibit five to ten times higher incidence rates and distinct molecular profiles compared to HIV-negative lympho-mas. Pathogenesis involves HIV-driven CD4+ T-cell depletion, chronic B-cell activation, and on-cogenic viral coinfection. First-line therapy combines antiretroviral therapy (ART) with chemo-therapy, achieving complete remission rates of 60-70% for DLBCL using R-EPOCH and 50-60% for BL with CODOX-M/IVAC. Relapsed/refractory cases show durable responses to CD19-CAR-T therapy; however, only 10% of HAL patients are enrolled in pivotal immunotherapy tri-als. Severe immunosuppression necessitates PET-CT-guided de-escalation and nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems to minimize toxicity. Emerging strategies include PD-1 inhibitors and broad-spectrum antivirals targeting HIV reservoirs, underscoring the need for precision med-icine that integrates tumor genomics and viral dynamics.

hiv相关淋巴瘤:从发病机制到治疗策略的最新进展。
艾滋病毒相关淋巴瘤(HAL)是一种与艾滋病毒感染直接相关的侵袭性恶性肿瘤,占艾滋病毒感染者(PLWH)癌症相关死亡的30%以上。HAL亚型,包括弥漫性大b细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)、伯基特淋巴瘤(BL)、原发性渗出性淋巴瘤(PEL)和浆母细胞淋巴瘤(PBL),与hiv阴性淋巴瘤相比,发病率高5至10倍,分子谱不同。发病机制包括hiv驱动的CD4+ t细胞耗竭、慢性b细胞活化和非原性病毒共感染。一线治疗将抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)与化疗相结合,使用R-EPOCH的DLBCL完全缓解率为60-70%,使用CODOX-M/IVAC的BL完全缓解率为50-60%。复发/难治性病例对CD19-CAR-T治疗表现出持久的反应;然而,只有10%的HAL患者参加了关键免疫治疗试验。严重的免疫抑制需要pet - ct引导的降级和纳米颗粒为基础的药物输送系统,以尽量减少毒性。新兴的策略包括PD-1抑制剂和针对HIV储库的广谱抗病毒药物,强调了整合肿瘤基因组学和病毒动力学的精准医学的需求。
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来源期刊
Current HIV Research
Current HIV Research 医学-病毒学
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
10.00%
发文量
81
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Current HIV Research covers all the latest and outstanding developments of HIV research by publishing original research, review articles and guest edited thematic issues. The novel pioneering work in the basic and clinical fields on all areas of HIV research covers: virus replication and gene expression, HIV assembly, virus-cell interaction, viral pathogenesis, epidemiology and transmission, anti-retroviral therapy and adherence, drug discovery, the latest developments in HIV/AIDS vaccines and animal models, mechanisms and interactions with AIDS related diseases, social and public health issues related to HIV disease, and prevention of viral infection. Periodically, the journal invites guest editors to devote an issue on a particular area of HIV research of great interest that increases our understanding of the virus and its complex interaction with the host.
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