Analysis and comparison of lipids in yak ghee from different pastoral areas in China based on lipidomics

IF 2.8 2区农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

International Journal of Dairy Technology Pub Date : 2025-09-08 DOI:10.1111/1471-0307.70061

Zhechuan Zhang, Yuan Li, Tingjuan Zhang, Liqi Yan, Bo Ding, Jialin Bai, Jutian Yang, Li Song, Hongna Liu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Yak ghee is a traditional dairy product in the Chinese plateau area, rich in lipids. The lipid composition of dairy products is affected by various factors, and the geographical origin of food has attracted consumer attention. Lipidomics has advantages in tracing the origin of high-fat products.

Aims

To analyse and compare the lipids in yak ghee from different pastoral areas, find potential geographical traceability lipid markers and study the metabolic pathways of significantly different lipids.

Methods

Yak ghee samples from five major Chinese yak pastoral areas were collected. Lipids were extracted and analysed using UHPLC-Q-Exactive-HF-X. Multivariate statistical methods and KEGG pathway analysis were performed.

Major Findings

A total of 1921 lipid molecules were identified. There were significant differences in lipid composition, carbon chain length, unsaturation and side-chain fatty acyl composition among different pastoral areas. One hundred and sixty-three differential lipids were selected, and 24 potential lipid markers were obtained. Significantly differential lipids were mapped to 95 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) and Genomes pathways, and the metabolic mechanism of sphingomyelin (SM) differences was explained.

Scientific Implications

This study provides a basis for establishing a ghee origin traceability system and offers comprehensive lipids information for ghee from different pastoral areas, which can help in understanding the potential health benefits of ghee and highlighting its product features.

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基于脂质组学的中国不同牧区牦牛酥油脂质分析与比较

牦牛酥油是中国高原地区的传统乳制品，富含油脂。乳制品的脂质成分受各种因素的影响，食品的地理来源引起了消费者的关注。脂质组学在追踪高脂肪产品的来源方面具有优势。目的分析比较不同牧区牦牛酥油中的脂质，寻找潜在的地理可追溯性脂质标志物，研究显著差异的脂质代谢途径。方法收集全国五大牦牛牧区的牦牛油样品。脂质提取并使用UHPLC-Q-Exactive-HF-X进行分析。采用多元统计方法和KEGG通路分析。主要发现共鉴定出1921个脂质分子。不同牧区的油脂组成、碳链长度、不饱和度和侧链脂肪酰基组成存在显著差异。选择了163种不同的脂质，获得了24种潜在的脂质标记物。通过对95条京都基因百科（KEGG）和基因组通路的比对，揭示了鞘磷脂（SM）差异的代谢机制。本研究为建立酥油原产地溯源体系提供了依据，为不同牧区的酥油提供了全面的脂质信息，有助于了解酥油潜在的健康益处，突出其产品特点。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Dairy Technology 工程技术-食品科技

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

4.50%

发文量

审稿时长

12 months

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Dairy Technology ranks highly among the leading dairy journals published worldwide, and is the flagship of the Society. As indicated in its title, the journal is international in scope. Published quarterly, International Journal of Dairy Technology contains original papers and review articles covering topics that are at the interface between fundamental dairy research and the practical technological challenges facing the modern dairy industry worldwide. Topics addressed span the full range of dairy technologies, the production of diverse dairy products across the world and the development of dairy ingredients for food applications.