Influence of Facility Size on Perioperative Outcomes in Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy for 14 152 Patients With Esophageal Cancer Based on the Japanese National Clinical Database: A Multicenter Cohort Study

Abstract

Background

Conventional minimally invasive esophagectomy (C-MIE) is the mainstay for locally advanced esophageal cancer. However, the relationship among facility size, risk-adjusted mortality and morbidity in C-MIE remains unclear. This study aims to clarify whether C-MIE should be consolidated into high-volume centers in Japan.

Methods

Risk models for perioperative mortality and morbidity were created using the Japanese National Clinical Database (NCD) data. NCD data registered between January 2016 and December 2020, including 14 152 C-MIE records. The developed risk models were used to estimate the ratio of expected to observed events (perioperative deaths or complications) (O/E ratio) for each facility.

Results

Regarding the risk model performances, the C-indices of the perioperative mortality risk prediction models were 0.793. The O/E ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) for perioperative mortality were facility size < 10 MIEs/year, O/E ratio: 1.368 and 95% CI: 1.140–1.597; facility size 10–29 MIEs/year, O/E ratio: 0.886 and 95% CI: 0.644–1.127; and facility size ≥ 30 MIEs/year, O/E ratio: 0. 61 and 95% CI: 0.342–0.892. Conversely, there were no significant differences in morbidity rate by facility size.

Conclusions

The risk of perioperative mortality from C-MIE was lower in hospitals with larger facilities than those with smaller facilities; therefore, consolidating patients for C-MIE in high-volume hospitals is necessary.