Experimentation and Numerical Modeling of Hybrid Bio-composites and Synthetic Composites by Varying Stacking Sequence

Abstract

The utilization of sustainable and biodegradable materials in composite manufacturing is gaining prominence due to environmental concerns and the need for eco-friendly alternatives. This study investigates the mechanical performance of hybrid bio-composites integrating natural and synthetic fibers, demonstrating their potential to balance sustainability and structural integrity. Experimental evaluations, including tensile, flexural, and inter-laminar shear strength (ILSS) tests, reveal the influence of fiber composition and stacking sequences on mechanical properties. Pure E-glass fiber composites exhibited the highest tensile strength (88 MPa), while hybrid Glass–Glass–Jute (GGJ) composites achieved 83 MPa, validating the reinforcement benefits of glass fibers. Jute-based hybrids, such as Jute–Jute–Glass (JJG), displayed enhanced flexural strength (52 MPa) compared to pure jute composites (41 MPa). ILSS testing indicated superior inter-laminar bonding in natural fiber composites, with Sisal–Sisal–Sisal (SSS) reaching 11 MPa. Additionally, numerical simulations using ABAQUS closely aligned with experimental data, confirming the reliability of computational modeling. These findings highlight the viability of hybrid bio-composites in mechanical applications, offering an environmentally friendly alternative without compromising performance.