Simulation of the energy transfer upconversion effect on properties of passively Q-switched laser pulse

IF 0.4 4区物理与天体物理 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Russian Physics Journal Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI:10.1007/s11182-025-03511-2

A. H. Jaafar, A. M. Salih

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Abstract

The effect of energy transfer upconversion (ETU) on the properties of a passively Q‑switched (PQS) laser pulse is simulated using the optical system consisting of Nd⁺³:YAG and Cr⁺⁴:YAG as an active medium and saturable absorber, respectively. The rate equation model is proposed and calculated numerically by the Runge-Kutta-Fehelberg method. The results of the proposed model show good agreement for the time behavior of the population inversion density and the photon number density of the PQS laser pulse with the previous theoretical results of the same system. The benchmark enhances the reliability using the model. The simulation shows that upconversion operations lead to a decrease in the pulse energy and increase in the pulse duration. Calculation results show that the ETU effect results in a 3.735% increase in the pulse duration due to a decrease in the pulse energy by 1.226%, and its power reduction by 5.084%. In the case without the ETU effect, the pulse generates at an earlier time than in the case with the ETU effect.

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能量传递上转换对被动调q激光脉冲特性影响的模拟

利用Nd+3:YAG和Cr+4:YAG组成的光学系统分别作为主动介质和可饱和吸收剂，模拟了能量传递上转换（ETU）对被动Q开关（PQS）激光脉冲特性的影响。提出了速率方程模型，并用Runge-Kutta-Fehelberg方法进行了数值计算。该模型的计算结果表明，PQS激光脉冲的居群反演密度和光子数密度的时间行为与已有的理论结果吻合较好。基准测试使用该模型来提高可靠性。仿真结果表明，上转换操作会导致脉冲能量的降低和脉冲持续时间的增加。计算结果表明，ETU效应使脉冲能量降低了1.226%，脉冲持续时间增加了3.735%，功率降低了5.084%。在没有ETU效应的情况下，脉冲产生的时间比有ETU效应的情况要早。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Russian Physics Journal PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

1.00

自引率

50.00%

发文量

208

审稿时长

3-6 weeks

期刊介绍： Russian Physics Journal covers the broad spectrum of specialized research in applied physics, with emphasis on work with practical applications in solid-state physics, optics, and magnetism. Particularly interesting results are reported in connection with: electroluminescence and crystal phospors; semiconductors; phase transformations in solids; superconductivity; properties of thin films; and magnetomechanical phenomena.