A comparative analysis of ladle furnace slag and electric arc furnace slag as abrasives in a friction material formulation: friction and particulate emission behaviour

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI:10.1016/j.wear.2025.206311

Domenico Antonio Rita , Ana Paula Gomes Nogueira , Cosmo de Cecca , Giovanni Straffelini

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

In this study, three friction materials were analyzed to evaluate the tribological behavior of novel, sustainable abrasives derived from steelmaking slags. A reference formulation containing alumina was compared with two alternative formulations incorporating Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) and Ladle Furnace (LF) slags. Tribological tests assessed friction stability, wear, and particulate emissions, while detailed characterization of worn surfaces and cross-sections provided insight into wear mechanisms.

All materials formed secondary plateaus mainly composed of compacted iron oxides, as common in systems employing cast iron disc counterfaces. While all abrasives contributed to the generation of Fe-rich wear debris, EAF slag particles showed superior performance due to their ability to fragment and integrate into the friction layer, enhancing its compactness and reducing wear and emissions. LF slag particles, in contrast, did not fragment and failed to bond effectively with the friction layer.

The results highlight the potential of EAF slag as an effective, eco-friendly abrasive in brake pads. Further validation under realistic conditions is recommended through inertia dynamometer testing.

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钢包炉渣和电弧炉渣作为磨料在摩擦材料配方中的比较分析：摩擦和颗粒排放行为

在这项研究中，分析了三种摩擦材料，以评估从炼钢渣中提取的新型可持续磨料的摩擦学行为。将含氧化铝的参考配方与含电弧炉（EAF）和钢包炉（LF）渣的两种替代配方进行了比较。摩擦学测试评估了摩擦稳定性、磨损和颗粒排放，而磨损表面和横截面的详细特征提供了对磨损机制的深入了解。所有材料都形成了次级平台，主要由压实的氧化铁组成，这在采用铸铁阀瓣表面的系统中很常见。虽然所有磨料都会产生富铁磨损碎屑，但电炉炉渣颗粒表现出优异的性能，因为它们能够破碎并融入摩擦层，增强摩擦层的密实度，减少磨损和排放。而LF渣颗粒则没有碎裂，无法与摩擦层有效结合。研究结果突出了电弧炉渣作为一种高效、环保的刹车片磨料的潜力。建议通过惯性测功机测试在实际条件下进一步验证。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Wear 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

8.80

自引率

8.00%

发文量

280

审稿时长

47 days

期刊介绍： Wear journal is dedicated to the advancement of basic and applied knowledge concerning the nature of wear of materials. Broadly, topics of interest range from development of fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of wear to innovative solutions to practical engineering problems. Authors of experimental studies are expected to comment on the repeatability of the data, and whenever possible, conduct multiple measurements under similar testing conditions. Further, Wear embraces the highest standards of professional ethics, and the detection of matching content, either in written or graphical form, from other publications by the current authors or by others, may result in rejection.