Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of ZIP gene family reveal its potential functions in rapid shoot growth in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J.Houz.)

Abstract

The rapid expansion of Moso bamboo shoots is essential for effectively establishing Moso bamboo forests. ZIP (Zinc-regulated, Iron-regulated transporter-like Protein) refers to a group of transport proteins that are vital for the uptake and movement of zinc (Zn²⁺) and iron (Fe²⁺) as plants grow and develop. The exploration of the ZIP gene family's identification, expression patterns and possible biological roles in Moso bamboo has been limited. In our research, we discovered 17 ZIP genes present in the genome of Moso bamboo. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that these ZIPs can be divided into four distinct clades. We performed an in-depth examination of conserved motifs, gene structures, chromosomal locations, cis-regulatory elements, synteny and the characteristics and functions of gene expression within this family. Analysis of STEM time expressions derived from transcriptomic data indicated that ZIP could play a role in the swift growth and development of Moso bamboo shoots. In addition, an analysis of three-dimensional protein modeling uncovered the structural features of Moso bamboo ZIP, identifying it as a transmembrane protein that facilitates zinc ion transport. Additionally, we predicted protein interactions, analyzed transcription factors regulating ZIP, and constructed a core regulatory network associated with ZIP. Subcellular localization studies in transgenic tobacco indicated that ZIP is localized to the cell membrane. This research lays a strong groundwork for a deeper understanding of the ZIP gene family's classification and functions in Moso bamboo.