Seawater electrolysis: A critical review on fundamentals, recent progress, and future perspectives on sustainable hydrogen generation

Next Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-07 DOI:10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100407

Bramari Shetty , Sneha Puranam-Rajashekar , Ganesh H. Aralikatti , Pooja Nagaraj , L. Harish Kumar , Prahlad N. Tengli , Manish S. Thakur , Sridhar V , Manjunath Krishnappa

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Abstract

The rapid pace of industrial growth has led to a substantial increase in global energy demand, which is currently being met predominantly through fossil fuels, resources that are not only depleting but also significantly contributing to climate change. In this context, green hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative energy carrier, primarily produced via water electrolysis. However, conventional electrolysis technologies are dependent on ultrapure fresh water, an increasingly scarce resource. To address this challenge, converting seawater into hydrogen using hybrid renewable energy systems presents a sustainable and scalable solution. This review explores recent developments in catalyst and membrane design for seawater electrolysis, with a particular focus on key process parameters and innovations in electrode materials. Green hydrogen production from seawater is positioned as a critical pillar in the broader pursuit of clean, carbon-neutral hydrogen energy systems aimed at mitigating global warming and supporting a sustainable energy future.

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海水电解：对可持续制氢的基本原理、最新进展和未来展望的重要回顾

工业的快速增长导致全球能源需求大幅增加，目前主要通过化石燃料来满足，这些资源不仅消耗殆尽，而且对气候变化也有重大影响。在这种情况下，绿色氢已成为一种有前途的替代能源载体，主要通过水电解产生。然而，传统的电解技术依赖于超纯淡水，这是一种日益稀缺的资源。为了应对这一挑战，使用混合可再生能源系统将海水转化为氢气是一种可持续的、可扩展的解决方案。本文综述了海水电解催化剂和膜设计的最新进展，重点介绍了关键工艺参数和电极材料的创新。绿色海水制氢被定位为更广泛追求清洁、碳中性氢能系统的关键支柱，旨在缓解全球变暖，支持可持续能源的未来。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Next Energy

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