Thermally Evaporated Naphthalene Diimides as Electron Transport Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells

IF 7 2区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Chemistry of Materials Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI:10.1021/acs.chemmater.5c01186

Jack Lawton, Justine S. Wagner, Xiangyu Xiao, Sanggyun Kim, Anna M. Österholm, D. Eric Shen, Sina Sabury, Carlo A. R. Perini, Kunal Datta, Diana K. LaFollette, Ruipeng Li, John R. Reynolds and Juan-Pablo Correa-Baena*,

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Thermally evaporated organic electron transport layers (ETLs) have the potential to enable high-performance and scalable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Among these, naphthalene diimide (NDI)-based ETLs are a promising family of materials that exhibit the optoelectronic properties, ambient stability and versatility required of high-performance ETLs. Here, we synthesized five NDI derivatives with varying functional groups and identified the two most promising candidates for evaluating the impact of molecular structure on processability via thermal evaporation. While phosphonic acid functionalization was shown to introduce thermal instability, leading to chemical changes during evaporation, NDI-bis N-phenyl-bromide (NDI-(PhBr)₂) emerged as a promising ETL candidate. NDI-(PhBr)₂ demonstrated excellent compatibility with the thermal evaporation process and enabled PSCs with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 15.6%, surpassing all previously reported PSCs containing thermally evaporated NDI ETLs. Furthermore, NDI-(PhBr)₂ exhibited excellent operational stability, retaining 75% of the initial PCE after 150 h of operation under continuous illumination at 65 °C. These results highlight the potential of NDI-based ETLs for advancing the scalability and performance of PSCs.

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热蒸发萘二亚胺作为钙钛矿太阳能电池的电子传输层

热蒸发有机电子传输层（etl）具有实现高性能和可扩展的钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）的潜力。其中，萘二亚胺（NDI）基etl是一种很有前途的材料，具有高性能etl所需的光电性能、环境稳定性和多功能性。在这里，我们合成了五种具有不同官能团的NDI衍生物，并确定了两种最有希望通过热蒸发来评估分子结构对可加工性的影响的候选衍生物。虽然磷酸功能化被证明会引入热不稳定性，导致蒸发过程中的化学变化，但NDI-双n -苯基溴（NDI-(PhBr)2）成为很有前途的ETL候选者。NDI-(PhBr)2与热蒸发过程表现出良好的兼容性，使PSCs的功率转换效率（pce）达到15.6%，超过了之前报道的所有含有热蒸发NDI etl的PSCs。此外，NDI-(PhBr)2表现出优异的操作稳定性，在65°C的连续照明下运行150小时后，保持了75%的初始PCE。这些结果突出了基于ndi的etl在提高psc的可扩展性和性能方面的潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Chemistry of Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

14.10

自引率

5.80%

发文量

929

审稿时长

1.5 months

期刊介绍： The journal Chemistry of Materials focuses on publishing original research at the intersection of materials science and chemistry. The studies published in the journal involve chemistry as a prominent component and explore topics such as the design, synthesis, characterization, processing, understanding, and application of functional or potentially functional materials. The journal covers various areas of interest, including inorganic and organic solid-state chemistry, nanomaterials, biomaterials, thin films and polymers, and composite/hybrid materials. The journal particularly seeks papers that highlight the creation or development of innovative materials with novel optical, electrical, magnetic, catalytic, or mechanical properties. It is essential that manuscripts on these topics have a primary focus on the chemistry of materials and represent a significant advancement compared to prior research. Before external reviews are sought, submitted manuscripts undergo a review process by a minimum of two editors to ensure their appropriateness for the journal and the presence of sufficient evidence of a significant advance that will be of broad interest to the materials chemistry community.