The interplay of malic acid and hormone signaling in adventitious root formation in MdWOX11-overexpressed transgenic apple microshoots

IF 6.2 1区 农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE
Lu Tong, Li Fan, Chuanjun Chang, Kexin Zhu, Pengyan Wei, Ikhtiyor Namozov, Juanjuan Ma, Dong Zhang, Hongming Wang, Muhammad Mobeen Tahir
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Adventitious root (AR) formation is a bottleneck for the mass propagation of apples. Malic acid (MA), an organic acid naturally found in various fruits and plants, serves as a key regulator in the rooting process. However, the role of MA in AR formation has not been investigated in apples. Thus, this study investigates the effects of MA treatments on the AR morphology and the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms in MdWOX11-OE transgenic and GL3 (wild type, WT) microshoots. Preliminary experiments revealed that control microshoots exhibited higher AR numbers compared to MA-treated microshoots, with a medium level of MA treatment markedly improving AR length. MdWOX11-OE microshoots outperformed WT microshoots in both AR quantity and length, especially at the medium MA level, indicating a greater response to MA. Morphological observations over time showed a significant increase in AR primordia in MdWOX11-OE microshoots by day 8, correlated with increased mitotic activity in cambial cells. Endogenous hormone analysis showed higher indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels and lower methyl jasmonate (JA-me) in MdWOX11-OE microshoots, suggesting hormonal influences on AR formation. A total of 4104 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through RNA sequencing, with significant enrichment of plant hormone signaling and stress-responsive pathways. Key auxin- and cytokinin-related DEGs revealed distinct expression patterns, illuminating the regulatory networks involved in AR formation. Moreover, DEGs related to the brassinosteroid (BR), gibberellin (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and ethylene (ET) signaling pathways were systematically analyzed, indicating complex regulatory networks. The identification of DEGs associated with starch and sucrose metabolism underscores the metabolic adjustments following adventitious rooting. These results suggest important insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating AR formation in response to MA treatment, highlighting the interplay between hormone signaling and genetic factors in improving adventitious rooting in apples.
苹果酸与激素信号在mdwox11过表达转基因苹果微梢不定根形成中的相互作用
不定根的形成是制约苹果大量繁殖的瓶颈。苹果酸(MA)是一种天然存在于各种水果和植物中的有机酸,在生根过程中起着关键的调节作用。然而,MA在苹果中AR形成中的作用尚未得到研究。因此,本研究探讨了MA处理对MdWOX11-OE转基因和GL3(野生型,WT)微芽AR形态的影响及其潜在的生理和分子机制。初步实验表明,对照微梢的AR数高于MA处理的微梢,中等水平MA处理显著提高了AR长度。MdWOX11-OE微芽在AR数量和长度上都优于WT微芽,特别是在中等MA水平上,表明对MA的响应更大。随着时间的推移,形态学观察显示,MdWOX11-OE微芽中AR原基在第8天显著增加,与形成层细胞有丝分裂活性增加有关。内源激素分析显示,MdWOX11-OE微芽中吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)水平较高,茉莉酸甲酯(JA-me)水平较低,提示激素对AR形成有影响。通过RNA测序,共鉴定出4104个差异表达基因(differential expression genes, DEGs),其中植物激素信号和胁迫响应途径显著富集。关键的生长素和细胞分裂素相关的deg显示出不同的表达模式,阐明了参与AR形成的调节网络。此外,对油菜素内酯(BR)、赤霉素(GA)、茉莉酸(JA)、脱落酸(ABA)和乙烯(ET)信号通路相关的deg进行了系统分析,显示出复杂的调控网络。与淀粉和蔗糖代谢相关的deg的鉴定强调了不定根后的代谢调节。这些结果为研究MA处理下AR形成的分子机制提供了重要的见解,强调了激素信号和遗传因素在改善苹果不定根中的相互作用。
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来源期刊
Horticultural Plant Journal
Horticultural Plant Journal Environmental Science-Ecology
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
14.00%
发文量
293
审稿时长
33 weeks
期刊介绍: Horticultural Plant Journal (HPJ) is an OPEN ACCESS international journal. HPJ publishes research related to all horticultural plants, including fruits, vegetables, ornamental plants, tea plants, and medicinal plants, etc. The journal covers all aspects of horticultural crop sciences, including germplasm resources, genetics and breeding, tillage and cultivation, physiology and biochemistry, ecology, genomics, biotechnology, plant protection, postharvest processing, etc. Article types include Original research papers, Reviews, and Short communications.
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