Predictors of Final Place of Care in People With Advanced Dementia Receiving Home-Based Palliative Care in Singapore: A Multivariate Regression Analysis.

Abstract

As the prevalence of dementia rises exponentially globally, instituting practices to support the dying process of people affected by dementia is a public health priority. However, end-of-life quality indicators such as place of death provide limited information about the totality of the dying process. Hence, this study's aim was to identify factors affecting the relatively understudied concept of final place of care (where care was received in the last three days of life i.e. home/inpatient hospice/hospital) and its concordance with previously stated preferences (goal-concordance). A retrospective cohort study was conducted using secondary data (electronic medical records) from 284 individuals enrolled in a home-based palliative care service for people with advanced dementia in Singapore. Despite demonstrating positive impacts, the service was unable to meet some individuals' end-of-life preferences. Analysis used multivariate binomial logistic regression, concordance and sensitivity analyses. Results found home to be the most common final place of care (81.7%). Better biological and functional status, and inconsistent preferences for place of care and death predicted hospital admission for care (9.2%). Discomfort, oral feeding, psychosocial challenges, and family unemployment predicted inpatient hospice admissions (9.2%); these were often late and unplanned, suggesting a preference for home until death was imminent. Better prognosis, infection two weeks before death/admission, higher caregiver burden and psychosocial challenges predicted non-concordance with preferences (14.4%). The results highlight the unpredictable, protracted trajectory of people with advanced dementia and the multifaceted challenges of end-of-life care and death. Unlike place of death, relatively stable factors (sociodemographic, chronic comorbidities) had no effect on final place of care. These fresh insights, supported by findings about end-of-life transitions in international literature, have implications for policies and practices to advance the global health goal of facilitating people with advanced dementia not just to die but to spend their final days at their place of choice.