The effects of imidacloprid exposure on the mouse ovary in vivo

IF 2.8 4区医学 Q2 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY

Reproductive toxicology Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI:10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.109045

Vasiliki E. Mourikes, Colin Lee, Jadesola I. Oladosu, Ashley Deviney, Winter Stubblefield, Mary J. Laws, Megan Mahoney, Jodi A. Flaws

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Abstract

Imidacloprid (IMI) is an insect-selective synthetic nicotine derivative used in commercial agricultural systems, home gardening, and veterinary pharmaceuticals. People are exposed to IMI through consumption of contaminated food and water and through contact with companion animals. However, the effects of IMI on the female reproductive system are not well understood. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that IMI reaches the ovaries and adversely affects the female reproductive system. Adult female mice were orally exposed to vehicle control (dimethyl sulfoxide) or IMI for 30 days. Estrous cyclicity was monitored for the last 14 days of the dosing period and mice were euthanized in diestrus. Sera were collected for gonadotropin and sex steroid hormone quantification. Ovaries were collected for IMI and IMI metabolite quantification, and to assess follicle numbers and gene expression. IMI and metabolites were significantly higher in exposed mice compared to controls. Further, IMI decreased the number of healthy ovarian follicles and increased the ovarian expression of the enzymes Cyp2e1 and Cyp19a1 compared to control. IMI also increased circulating luteinizing hormone levels (LH), but did not affect circulating follicle-stimulating hormone levels or sex steroid hormone levels compared to control. IMI did not affect body weight, ovarian weight, or estrous cyclicity compared to control. Collectively, these data indicate that IMI reaches the ovaries and affects some female reproductive outcomes such as ovarian follicle numbers, LH levels, and ovarian expression of enzymes.

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吡虫啉对小鼠卵巢的体内影响。

吡虫啉（IMI）是一种昆虫选择性合成尼古丁衍生物，用于商业农业系统，家庭园艺和兽药。人们通过食用受污染的食物和水以及与伴侣动物接触而暴露于IMI。然而，IMI对女性生殖系统的影响尚不清楚。因此，我们测试了IMI到达卵巢并对女性生殖系统产生不利影响的假设。将成年雌性小鼠口服二甲亚砜或IMI 30天。在给药期的最后14天监测小鼠的发情周期，并在染病时对小鼠实施安乐死。采集血清进行促性腺激素和性类固醇激素的定量测定。收集卵巢进行IMI和IMI代谢物的定量测定，并评估卵泡数量和基因表达。与对照组相比，暴露小鼠的IMI和代谢物明显更高。此外，与对照组相比，IMI减少了健康卵巢卵泡的数量，增加了卵巢中Cyp2e1和Cyp19a1酶的表达。与对照组相比，IMI也增加了循环黄体生成素水平（LH），但不影响循环促卵泡激素水平或性类固醇激素水平。与对照组相比，IMI不影响体重、卵巢重量或动情周期。总的来说，这些数据表明IMI到达卵巢并影响一些女性生殖结果，如卵巢卵泡数量、LH水平和卵巢酶表达。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Reproductive toxicology 生物-毒理学

CiteScore

6.50

自引率

3.00%

发文量

131

审稿时长

45 days

期刊介绍： Drawing from a large number of disciplines, Reproductive Toxicology publishes timely, original research on the influence of chemical and physical agents on reproduction. Written by and for obstetricians, pediatricians, embryologists, teratologists, geneticists, toxicologists, andrologists, and others interested in detecting potential reproductive hazards, the journal is a forum for communication among researchers and practitioners. Articles focus on the application of in vitro, animal and clinical research to the practice of clinical medicine. All aspects of reproduction are within the scope of Reproductive Toxicology, including the formation and maturation of male and female gametes, sexual function, the events surrounding the fusion of gametes and the development of the fertilized ovum, nourishment and transport of the conceptus within the genital tract, implantation, embryogenesis, intrauterine growth, placentation and placental function, parturition, lactation and neonatal survival. Adverse reproductive effects in males will be considered as significant as adverse effects occurring in females. To provide a balanced presentation of approaches, equal emphasis will be given to clinical and animal or in vitro work. Typical end points that will be studied by contributors include infertility, sexual dysfunction, spontaneous abortion, malformations, abnormal histogenesis, stillbirth, intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity, behavioral abnormalities, and perinatal mortality.