Synergistic effect of enzymatic deproteinization and surface pre-reacted glass ionomer “SPRG” fillers in self-etch adhesives: Boosting anti-demineralization and ABRZ

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of dentistry Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI:10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106088

Citra Kusumasari , Ratna Meidyawati , Iffi Aprillia , A’an Mi’dad Arrizza , Natasya Hillary , Ahmed Abdou

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives

to evaluate the effect of smear-layer deproteinization using papain gel and SPRG-adhesive on marginal-gap, anti-demineralization of enamel and dentin after chemical pH cycling and assess acid-base resistance zone (ABRZ) characteristics.

Methods

Cylindrical cavities were prepared cervically in thirty-two extracted premolars. Teeth were divided into two pretreatment groups (n = 16); deproteinization with papain enzyme gel (Papacarie Duo, Brazil) for 60 s, and no-deproteinization. Each group was subdivided by adhesive type (n = 8); SPRG-based (FL Bond II, Shofu, Japan), and Silica-based (Clearfil SE Bond 2, Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc., Japan). Cavities were restored with flowable composite, followed by a 4-day pH-cycling (6 h demineralization and 18 h remineralization). Specimens were immersed in Rhodamine B, sectioned perpendicularly and evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy for wall lesion depth (WLD), outer lesion depth (OLD), complete demineralization, and the marginal-gap length. ABRZ ultrastructure and thickness were assessed using scanning electron microscopy.

Results

For enamel, The silica-based adhesive exhibited a significantly higher WLD, OLD and complete demineralization compared to SPRG-based adhesive in both pretreatment conditions (p < 0.05) while insignificant difference in the marginal-gap depth between groups (p > 0.05). For Dentin, complete demineralization and marginal-gap were significantly higher for silica-based adhesive without deproteinization compared to SPRG-based adhesive with deproteinization (p < 0.05). Deproteinization increased ABRZ thickness in both adhesives.

Conclusions

SPRG-based adhesive enhances resistance to demineralization during acidic challenge at the mid-/high-micron levels, While enzymatic smear layer deproteinization using papain gel increases the thickness of ABRZ at the micron level.

Clinical significance

A simple chairside protocol that combines papain-based smear-layer deproteinization with SPRG-based self-etch adhesive may enhance interfacial demineralization resistance. This synergy could reduce marginal gaps and demineralization at restoration borders, thereby lowering the risk of secondary caries and extending restoration longevity in practice.

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酶解脱蛋白和表面预反应玻璃离聚体SPRG填料在自蚀刻胶中的协同作用：增强抗脱矿和ABRZ。

目的：评价木瓜蛋白酶凝胶与sprg胶粘剂涂片层脱蛋白对化学pH循环后牙釉质和牙本质边缘间隙、抗脱矿性的影响，评价抗酸碱带（ABRZ）特性。方法：对32颗拔除的前磨牙进行颈侧柱形空腔制备。牙组分为2个预处理组（n=16）；用木瓜蛋白酶凝胶（Papacarie Due，巴西）脱蛋白60秒，不脱蛋白。各组按粘接剂类型再细分（n=8）；SPRG-based （FL Bond II, Shofu, Japan）和Silica-based （Clearfil SE Bond 2, Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc, Japan）。用可流动复合材料修复腔体，然后进行4天的ph循环（6小时脱矿和18小时再矿化）。标本浸泡在罗丹明B中，垂直切片，用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜评估壁损深度（WLD）、外损深度（OLD）、完全脱矿和边缘间隙长度。扫描电镜观察ABRZ的超微结构和厚度。结果：对于牙釉质，两种预处理条件下，硅基粘接剂的WLD、OLD和完全脱矿性均显著高于sprg粘接剂（p < 0.05），而两组间边缘间隙深度差异不显著（p < 0.05）。对于牙本质，不脱蛋白的硅基粘接剂的完全脱矿率和边缘间隙率显著高于有脱蛋白的sprg粘接剂（p < 0.05）。脱蛋白增加了两种胶粘剂的ABRZ厚度。结论：sprg基胶粘剂在中/高微米水平上增强了酸性挑战时的脱矿性，而木瓜蛋白酶凝胶酶解涂布层的脱蛋白作用在微米水平上增加了ABRZ的厚度。临床意义：一种简单的椅子边方案，结合木瓜蛋白酶涂片层脱蛋白和sprg自蚀刻粘接剂，可以增强界面脱矿抗性。这种协同作用可以减少修复体边界的边缘间隙和脱矿，从而降低继发性龋齿的风险，延长修复体的使用寿命。

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来源期刊

Journal of dentistry 医学-牙科与口腔外科

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

11.40%

发文量

349

审稿时长

35 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Dentistry has an open access mirror journal The Journal of Dentistry: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review. The Journal of Dentistry is the leading international dental journal within the field of Restorative Dentistry. Placing an emphasis on publishing novel and high-quality research papers, the Journal aims to influence the practice of dentistry at clinician, research, industry and policy-maker level on an international basis. Topics covered include the management of dental disease, periodontology, endodontology, operative dentistry, fixed and removable prosthodontics, dental biomaterials science, long-term clinical trials including epidemiology and oral health, technology transfer of new scientific instrumentation or procedures, as well as clinically relevant oral biology and translational research. The Journal of Dentistry will publish original scientific research papers including short communications. It is also interested in publishing review articles and leaders in themed areas which will be linked to new scientific research. Conference proceedings are also welcome and expressions of interest should be communicated to the Editor.