The facilitators and barriers of emotional well-being in Chinese adolescents with epilepsy based on the PERMA model: A qualitative study.

Abstract

Objective: Explore the factors that promote and hinder emotional well-being(EWB) in adolescents with epilepsy(AWE), and provide theoretical evidence for promoting the improvement of EWB in AWEs.

Method: Using purposive sampling, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 AWEs aged 13-18 years, and data analysis was performed based on the PERMA model.

Results: Four subthemes of facilitating factors for EWB in AWEs were identified: positive emotions (positive experiences in daily life), engagement (stage-appropriate feasible goals), relationships (harmonious family relationships, supportive peer relationships, and understanding teachers), and accomplishment (stage-appropriate feasible goals). Four subthemes of barrier factors included: diminished positive emotional experiences (stigma associated with epilepsy), restricted engagement (limitations in physical activities), interpersonal conflicts (discordant social atmosphere), and difficult-to-achieve accomplishments (ineffective emotion regulation strategies and unmanageable academic pressure).

Conclusion: Both facilitating and obstructive factors influence EWB in AWEs. Healthcare professionals should focus on leisure activities, interpersonal dynamics, disease awareness, emotion regulation, and academic pressure when developing targeted interventions for patients and their caregivers. These measures aim to enhance patients' sense of meaning and EWB while alleviating epilepsy-related stress.