Facile, Fast, and Green Synthesis of CoFe₂O₄@CMC/Cysteine as a Novel Magnetic Nanobiocomposite Adsorbent for Tetracycline Removal from Aqueous Media

IF 5 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of Polymers and the Environment Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI:10.1007/s10924-025-03629-x

Alireza Nasiri, Majid Amiri Gharaghani, Ghazal Yazdanpanah, Hakimeh Mahdizadeh, Najmeh Amirmahani

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

A highly efficient, magnetically separable nano-adsorbent, CoFe₂O₄@Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/Cysteine (Cys), was developed using a rapid microwave-assisted coprecipitation method. CMC acted as a cross-linking agent and was modified with functional groups from cysteine to enhance adsorption performance for pharmaceutical removal. The magnetic nano-adsorbent was characterized using various techniques, including Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Line Scan, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy—Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS), Mapping, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Powder EDS and XRD confirmed the spinel ferrite phase and its structure, while FESEM and TEM showed spherical particles with minimal agglomeration. VSM analysis indicated the ferromagnetic properties of CoFe₂O₄@CMC/Cys with an Ms value of 41.36 emu.g⁻¹, allowing easy and rapid separation for regeneration. Regarding the effectiveness of CoFe₂O₄@CMC/Cys for Tetracycline (TC) adsorption, the highest efficiency was recorded at an initial TC concentration of 40 mg/L, with a contact time of 20 min, a pH of 5, a nanocomposite dosage of 0.07 g, and at 23 °C. Data obtained from the Langmuir equilibrium isotherm (R² = 0.99) demonstrated that TC removal using the produced magnetic nanocomposite followed the Langmuir adsorption pattern. Moreover, kinetic analysis identified a pseudo-second-order model for TC elimination (R² = 0.99). The entropy change (ΔS = − 106.5 J.mol⁻¹ K⁻¹), negative Gibbs free energy change (ΔG), and enthalpy change (ΔH = − 36.52 kJ.mol⁻¹) all indicated that the adsorption process was exothermic. The CoFe₂O₄@CMC/Cys nanoadsorbent demonstrated high efficiency in TC removal, with only a slight decline in performance after five cycles. Its rapid recoverability and sustained performance make it an effective and sustainable solution for water and wastewater treatment.

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新型磁性纳米生物复合吸附剂CoFe₂O₄@CMC/半胱氨酸的快速、绿色合成

采用微波辅助快速共沉淀法，制备了一种高效的磁性可分离纳米吸附剂CoFe2O4@Carboxymethyl纤维素(CMC)/半胱氨酸（Cys）。CMC作为交联剂，用半胱氨酸的官能团修饰CMC以提高吸附性能。采用布鲁诺尔-埃米特-泰勒（BET）、线扫描、场发射扫描电子显微镜-能量色散x射线能谱（FESEM-EDS）、测绘、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、热重分析（TGA）、振动样品磁强计（VSM）、x射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）等技术对磁性纳米吸附剂进行了表征。粉末EDS和XRD证实了尖晶石铁素体相及其结构，FESEM和TEM显示为球状颗粒，团聚最小。VSM分析表明CoFe2O4@CMC/Cys的铁磁性能，Ms值为41.36 emu。G−1，便于快速分离再生。CoFe2O4@CMC/Cys对四环素（四环素）的吸附效果在初始四环素浓度为40 mg/L、接触时间为20 min、pH为5、纳米复合材料用量为0.07 g、温度为23℃时达到最高。Langmuir平衡等温线（R2 = 0.99）数据表明，制备的磁性纳米复合材料去除TC遵循Langmuir吸附模式。此外，动力学分析还发现了一个伪二阶模型（R2 = 0.99）。熵变（ΔS =−106.5 J.mol−1k−1）、负吉布斯自由能变化（ΔG）和焓变（ΔH =−36.52 kJ）。Mol−1)均表明吸附过程为放热过程。CoFe2O4@CMC/Cys纳米吸附剂对TC的去除效率很高，经过5次循环后，其性能仅略有下降。它的快速可恢复性和持续性能使其成为水和废水处理的有效和可持续的解决方案。

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来源期刊

Journal of Polymers and the Environment 工程技术-高分子科学

CiteScore

9.50

自引率

7.50%

发文量

297

审稿时长

9 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Polymers and the Environment fills the need for an international forum in this diverse and rapidly expanding field. The journal serves a crucial role for the publication of information from a wide range of disciplines and is a central outlet for the publication of high-quality peer-reviewed original papers, review articles and short communications. The journal is intentionally interdisciplinary in regard to contributions and covers the following subjects - polymers, environmentally degradable polymers, and degradation pathways: biological, photochemical, oxidative and hydrolytic; new environmental materials: derived by chemical and biosynthetic routes; environmental blends and composites; developments in processing and reactive processing of environmental polymers; characterization of environmental materials: mechanical, physical, thermal, rheological, morphological, and others; recyclable polymers and plastics recycling environmental testing: in-laboratory simulations, outdoor exposures, and standardization of methodologies; environmental fate: end products and intermediates of biodegradation; microbiology and enzymology of polymer biodegradation; solid-waste management and public legislation specific to environmental polymers; and other related topics.