Association between the gut microbiota composition and alpha-diversity on the hormonal response and appetitive measures of individuals with obesity after a meal either rich in ultra-processed foods or without ultra-processed foods: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial

IF 2.6 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS
Nayara Gomes Graciliano, Ana Debora Santos de Oliveira, Guilherme César Oliveira de Carvalho, Maria Bárbara Galdino-Silva, Karine Maria Moreira Almeida, Samyra Araújo Monteiro Carvalho, Nassib Bezerra Bueno
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Obesity and the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) are associated with gut microbiota composition and diversity, which may contribute to alterations in the regulation of hormones involved in satiety, given the gut microbiota's role in regulating host appetite. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association of gut microbiota composition and alpha-diversity at the genus-level on postprandial changes in satiety hormones, and appetitive measures in individuals with obesity, given either a meal rich in UPF or a meal without UPF.

Methods

Individuals were randomized to two groups: a) a non-UPF meal and b) a UPF meal. Both meals were matched for energy, energy density, macronutrients, fiber, and sodium content. The gut microbiota composition was analyzed using DNA metabarcoding and 16S rRNA sequencing. Alpha-diversity was assessed using the Shannon, Simpson's, and Inverse-Simpson indices at the genus level. Blood samples for hormonal (ghrelin, leptin, and GIP) and appetitive measures (hunger, satiety, fullness, and capacity to eat) were taken using visual analog scales after a 12-h fast and 90 min post-meal.

Results

Twenty individuals were included in the UPF group, and 19 were in the control group, with no significant differences in gut microbiota composition or alpha-diversity indices between the groups. All hormone concentrations and appetitive measures varied significantly over time, regardless of the type of meal. A greater alpha-diversity of gut microbiota at the genus-level was associated with increased postprandial fullness (p < 0.05 for all indices), with clues that this association varied significantly between groups according to meal type (p = 0.02 for the inverse-Simpson index and p = 0.07 for the other indices), indicating a positive correlation only in the control group.

Conclusion

Gut microbiota alpha diversity at the genus level appears to be associated with the subjective sensation of fullness after a meal, and this association may vary depending on the ultra-processed food content of the meal. This finding warrants further investigation due to the exploratory nature of this study.

Trial registration number

RBR-56nsh92 (https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-56nsh92).
一项随机临床试验的二次分析:富含超加工食品或不含超加工食品的肥胖个体餐后的激素反应和食欲指标与肠道微生物群组成和α -多样性之间的关系
背景:肥胖和超加工食品(UPF)的消费与肠道微生物群的组成和多样性有关,鉴于肠道微生物群在调节宿主食欲方面的作用,这可能有助于改变参与饱腹感的激素调节。因此,本研究旨在研究肠道微生物群组成和α -多样性在属水平上与肥胖个体餐后饱腹激素变化和食欲措施的关系,给予富含UPF的膳食或不含UPF的膳食。方法:将个体随机分为两组:a)非UPF餐和b) UPF餐。两餐的能量、能量密度、常量营养素、纤维和钠含量都是匹配的。采用DNA元条形码和16S rRNA测序分析肠道菌群组成。在属水平上采用Shannon指数、Simpson指数和Inverse-Simpson指数评价α多样性。在禁食12小时和餐后90分钟后,用视觉模拟量表采集血液中激素(生长素、瘦素和GIP)和食欲指标(饥饿感、饱腹感、饱腹感和进食能力)。结果:UPF组20例,对照组19例,两组间肠道菌群组成及α -多样性指数无显著差异。所有的激素浓度和食欲指标都随着时间的推移发生了显著的变化,与进食类型无关。肠道微生物群在属水平上的α -多样性与餐后饱腹感的增加相关(所有指标p < 0.05),有线索表明,根据膳食类型,这种关联在各组之间存在显著差异(反辛普森指数p = 0.02,其他指标p = 0.07),仅在对照组呈正相关。结论:属水平的肠道微生物群α多样性似乎与餐后的主观饱腹感有关,这种关联可能因餐中超加工食品的含量而异。由于本研究的探索性,这一发现值得进一步调查。试验注册号:RBR-56nsh92 (https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-56nsh92)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Clinical nutrition ESPEN
Clinical nutrition ESPEN NUTRITION & DIETETICS-
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
3.30%
发文量
512
期刊介绍: Clinical Nutrition ESPEN is an electronic-only journal and is an official publication of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN). Nutrition and nutritional care have gained wide clinical and scientific interest during the past decades. The increasing knowledge of metabolic disturbances and nutritional assessment in chronic and acute diseases has stimulated rapid advances in design, development and clinical application of nutritional support. The aims of ESPEN are to encourage the rapid diffusion of knowledge and its application in the field of clinical nutrition and metabolism. Published bimonthly, Clinical Nutrition ESPEN focuses on publishing articles on the relationship between nutrition and disease in the setting of basic science and clinical practice. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN is available to all members of ESPEN and to all subscribers of Clinical Nutrition.
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