Imposter phenomenon; prevalence and associated factors among family medicine residents in Riyadh city, KSA

Abstract

Objectives

Imposter syndrome (IS) is a psychological phenomenon characterized by persistent self-doubt and fear of being exposed as incompetent despite clear evidence of competence. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of IS, and identifying associated demographic predictors, among family medicine residents in Riyadh, KSA.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among family medicine residents from multiple training centers in Riyadh using a self-administered questionnaire that included the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS). Sociodemographic data were also collected.

Results

A total of 268 residents participated (mean age 26.1 ± 1.8 years; 63.4% males). The mean IS score was 50.8 ± 13.0 with a median of 51 (IQR 41–60). Over half (53.7%, n = 144) were in the moderate IS category, 23.1% (n = 62) reported few IS characteristics, 21.3% (n = 57) experienced frequent IS, and 1.9% (n = 5) had intense IS symptoms. Distribution of IS categories differed significantly across training centers (p < 0.001). Marital status was associated with IS severity (p = 0.037), as married residents more often reported fewer IS characteristics (30.3%) compared with single residents (20.8%). Age (p = 0.684), gender (p = 0.714), and first-generation physician status (p = 0.461) showed no significant associations.

Conclusion

IS was highly prevalent among family medicine residents in Riyadh, with most experiencing moderate-to-frequent symptoms. Considering factors such as residency year and marital status, and providing robust psychosocial support, may help reduce IS severity. Future studies should use longitudinal designs to explore causal pathways and extend findings to other medical specialties and regions.