Sustainable transient frequency management in eco-industrial park microgrids considering e-shared mobility storage using efficient fractional-order computing

Abstract

The evolving architecture of rich-renewable Eco-Industrial Park Microgrids (EIP-MGs) introduces significant frequency stability challenges due to the intermittent nature and low inertia of integrated renewable energy sources. To address these limitations, advanced energy storage systems, comprising fixed and mobile electric energy storage systems, have been adopted. Among them, mobile EV energy storage, particularly in the context of e-shared mobility, offers a flexible and scalable solution for load frequency control in modern EIP-MGs. This study presents a novel framework for sustainable transient frequency management using a fractional-order computing-based hybrid cascade controller, TFOID–3DOF–TID (Tilted Fractional-Order Integral and Derivative with Three Degrees of Freedom), optimized via the Crested Porcupine Optimizer (CPO). The proposed control scheme is validated through six case studies under three industrial load disturbance scenarios, with emphasis on transient stability and real-world uncertainties. The evaluations are structured around frequency-domain design criteria based on integral error metrics, including squared and absolute formulationsaimed at analyzing efficiency, sensitivity, adaptability, robustness, stability, and computational burden. The proposed control scheme, featuring the TFOID and 3DOF-TID controllers, is evaluated in comparison with validated metaheuristic-based algorithms. Simulation results demonstrate that the CPO-based TFOID–3DOF–TID controller consistently outperforms other schemes, with improvements including a 22 %–48 % reduction in settling time, a 25 %–55 % decrease in undershoot, and a 30 %–60 % reduction in overshoot across varying scenarios. Additionally, Bode plot evaluations confirm superior phase margins and damping characteristics, while robustness margins improve by up to 60 %, affirming the controller’s resilience under non-ideal operational conditions. These findings provide practical insights for policymakers and engineers aiming to enhance the resilience and sustainability of future-ready industrial microgrids.