The R-I-M-E framework: Origin, application, advantages, disadvantages, and impact on forensic pathology teaching

Abstract

The R-I-M-E framework, an acronym for Reporter, Interpreter, Manager, and Educator, is a developmental model designed to evaluate and enhance clinical competence among medical trainees. Introduced by Dr. Louis Pangaro in the 1990s, it has gained widespread acceptance in medical education due to its clarity, structured approach, and applicability across specialties. In the context of forensic pathology - a field that demands precision, analytical reasoning, and interdisciplinary coordination - the R-I-M-E framework offers a promising structure for competency-based education. This article explores the origin, educational application, pedagogical advantages and limitations, and specific impact of the R-I-M-E framework on forensic pathology teaching and training. This narrative review synthesizes existing literature on the R-I-M-E framework and its application within medical education, emphasizing its relevance and adaptability to forensic pathology. The framework's stages were analyzed with illustrative examples specific to forensic competencies. The framework provides a sequential model for learner development, starting from accurate reporting (Reporter) and progressing through data interpretation (Interpreter), decision-making and case management (Manager), to professional contribution through teaching and research (Educator). In forensic pathology education, this approach enables learners to build skills systematically while receiving structured feedback. Despite its strengths in clarity and adaptability, limitations such as rigid progression and subjectivity in evaluation were noted. The R-I-M-E framework significantly enhances forensic pathology education by offering a competency-based, developmental structure that aligns with the cognitive and professional demands of the specialty. It promotes learner accountability, fosters reflective practice, and supports the cultivation of skilled forensic practitioners prepared to meet medico-legal responsibilities.