Photovoltaic driven carrier-facilitated membrane process enables efficient and low-carbon recovery of spent lithium ion batteries

IF 12.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research Pub Date : 2025-09-06 DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2025.124565

Baoying Wang , Yang Liu , Fei Liu , Ming Tan , Yaoming Wang , Heqing Jiang , Tongwen Xu , Yang Zhang

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Abstract

The increasing production of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) necessitates the development of green and sustainable technologies for their recycling. Unfortunately, most of the recycling technologies used are always associated with high energy and chemical reagents consumption, posing a great risk to the environment. Herein, we propose a photovoltaic driven carrier-facilitated electrodialytic membrane process for low carbon recovery of spent ternary LIBs. Elaborately fabricated multifunctional membranes enable this process to efficiently separate multiple metals in one-step with high solution purity of 99.6 % for lithium, ∼100 % for nickel, and 94.1 % for cobalt. Molecular dynamics simulations illustrate that the binding energy between metal-carrier is disrupted above the current density threshold, thereby facilitating rapid ion transport along a continuous pathway within the membrane. The resulting cobalt flux is 58 times that of the commercial flagship Neosepta@AMX membrane. Environmental assessment further indicates that this strategy achieves a significant reduction in GHG emissions by 74.4 % compared with Hydro, 68.5 % compared with Pyro, and 76.1 % compared with Direct. This work not only creates a greener path for spent LIBs recovery but also introduces an innovative electrodialytic membrane system design that has potential applications in other areas.

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光伏驱动的载流子促进膜工艺能够高效低碳地回收废旧锂离子电池

锂离子电池（LIBs）的产量不断增加，需要开发绿色和可持续的回收技术。不幸的是，大多数使用的回收技术总是与高能量和化学试剂消耗有关，对环境构成很大的风险。在此，我们提出了一种光伏驱动的载流子催化电析膜工艺，用于低碳回收废三元锂。精心制作的多功能膜使该工艺能够一步有效地分离多种金属，锂的溶液纯度高达99.6%，镍为100%，钴为94.1%。分子动力学模拟表明，在电流密度阈值以上，金属载体之间的结合能被破坏，从而促进了离子在膜内沿连续途径的快速传输。由此产生的钴通量是商业旗舰Neosepta@AMX膜的58倍。环境评估进一步表明，该策略与Hydro相比减少了74.4%的温室气体排放，与Pyro相比减少了68.5%，与Direct相比减少了76.1%。这项工作不仅为废lib的回收创造了更环保的途径，而且还引入了一种创新的电渗析膜系统设计，在其他领域具有潜在的应用前景。

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来源期刊

Water Research 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

20.80

自引率

9.40%

发文量

1307

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： Water Research, along with its open access companion journal Water Research X, serves as a platform for publishing original research papers covering various aspects of the science and technology related to the anthropogenic water cycle, water quality, and its management worldwide. The audience targeted by the journal comprises biologists, chemical engineers, chemists, civil engineers, environmental engineers, limnologists, and microbiologists. The scope of the journal include: •Treatment processes for water and wastewaters (municipal, agricultural, industrial, and on-site treatment), including resource recovery and residuals management; •Urban hydrology including sewer systems, stormwater management, and green infrastructure; •Drinking water treatment and distribution; •Potable and non-potable water reuse; •Sanitation, public health, and risk assessment; •Anaerobic digestion, solid and hazardous waste management, including source characterization and the effects and control of leachates and gaseous emissions; •Contaminants (chemical, microbial, anthropogenic particles such as nanoparticles or microplastics) and related water quality sensing, monitoring, fate, and assessment; •Anthropogenic impacts on inland, tidal, coastal and urban waters, focusing on surface and ground waters, and point and non-point sources of pollution; •Environmental restoration, linked to surface water, groundwater and groundwater remediation; •Analysis of the interfaces between sediments and water, and between water and atmosphere, focusing specifically on anthropogenic impacts; •Mathematical modelling, systems analysis, machine learning, and beneficial use of big data related to the anthropogenic water cycle; •Socio-economic, policy, and regulations studies.