Basil (Ocimum basilicum): A Natural Approach to Skin Care and Its Cosmeceutical Potential.

Abstract

Introduction: Basil, an indigenous medicinal herb, is widely used in traditional medicine for its therapeutic and cosmetic benefits. Its properties include reducing oxidative stress, increasing melatonin production, protecting cells from free radical damage, and protecting the skin. Basil can be incorporated into daily skincare routines to address various skin conditions and promote overall health. This study examines the role of Basil in skin health, focusing on its antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, hydrating, and moisturizing properties. It examines its bioactive compounds and their impact on molecular pathways, such as NF-κB, MAPK, and COX-LOX, in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Additionally, it highlights Basil's potential as an anti-aging agent and its applications in skincare products.

Method: The data were gathered from various research studies and meta-analyses on basil cosmetics applications, sourced from multiple databases between 1999 and 2025, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, Elsevier, Nature, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar.

Result: Basil enhances skin health through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hydrating, and moisturizing effects. Its bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenes, help neutralize ROS and RNS, preventing oxidative damage and inflammation. By modulating key inflammatory pathways, such as NF-κB, MAPK, and COX-LOX, Basil reduces proinflammatory cytokines and inhibits inflammatory mediators. These mechanisms contribute to its anti-aging and skin-protective properties, making it beneficial for various skincare applications.

Discussion: Basil is an indigenous herb with significant therapeutic potential. Traditionally, it has been used to manage various skin conditions, including acne and eczema. Studies have highlighted its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, primarily due to its ability to inhibit the generation of free radicals. Additionally, Basil exhibits potent antimicrobial activity, attributed to the presence of essential oils that disrupt microbial cell membranes, inhibit biofilm formation, increase membrane permeability, and lead to intracellular leakage. Owing to these multifaceted properties, Basil holds promise for use in dermatological applications and cosmetic formulations.

Conclusion: Basil, a popular herb in various cultures, has antioxidant properties and is used in traditional medicine, skincare, and beauty treatments. Its essential oils, including linalool, estragole, and eugenol, have anti-aging, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. Basil's complex phytochemical composition makes it an excellent component for skincare, hair care, and dental care products. Its bioactive compounds neutralize reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, preventing oxidative damage and inflammation. Further research and clinical validation could enhance Basil's application in dermatology and cosmetic industries.