Proportion of depression in diabetes patients: A Cross-Sectional study using HAM-D scale.

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Endocrine Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI:10.1007/s12020-025-04412-7

Muhammad Unais, Muskan Malviya

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Abstract

Background: Depression is a common but often underrecognized comorbidity in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Identifying its prevalence can help in early intervention and better management.

Objective: To estimate the proportion of depression in patients with diabetes mellitus using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and to evaluate associations with gender, age, diabetes duration, and comorbid conditions.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 89 diabetic patients attending outpatient services at a tertiary care hospital. Data was collected via structured interviews using the HAM-D [1] questionnaire. A HAM-D score ≥ 8 was considered indicative of depression. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and subgroup analysis based on gender, age groups, and other variables.

Results: Among 89 patients, 26 (29.2%) were found to have depression. The prevalence was higher in females (36.8%) compared to males (23.5%). Depression was more frequent in older age groups, particularly among patients aged 60-74 years. [Pie chart and bar graphs to be inserted.] CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of diabetic patients exhibit depressive symptoms, particularly older individuals and females. Routine screening using tools like HAM-D can aid in early identification and intervention.

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糖尿病患者抑郁比例：HAM-D量表横断面研究

背景：抑郁症是糖尿病患者常见但常被忽视的合并症。确定其流行情况有助于早期干预和更好的管理。目的：采用汉密尔顿抑郁评定量表（HAM-D）评估糖尿病患者抑郁的比例，并评价其与性别、年龄、糖尿病病程和合并症的关系。方法：对某三级医院门诊就诊的89例糖尿病患者进行描述性横断面研究。使用HAM-D[1]问卷通过结构化访谈收集数据。HAM-D评分≥8分被认为是抑郁症的指示。数据分析采用描述性统计和基于性别、年龄等变量的亚组分析。结果：89例患者中有26例（29.2%）存在抑郁症。女性患病率（36.8%）高于男性（23.5%）。抑郁症在老年群体中更为常见，尤其是在60-74岁的患者中。[要插入饼状图和条形图。结论：相当比例的糖尿病患者表现出抑郁症状，尤其是老年人和女性。使用HAM-D等工具进行常规筛查有助于早期识别和干预。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Endocrine ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM-

CiteScore

6.50

自引率

5.40%

发文量

295

审稿时长

1.5 months

期刊介绍： Well-established as a major journal in today’s rapidly advancing experimental and clinical research areas, Endocrine publishes original articles devoted to basic (including molecular, cellular and physiological studies), translational and clinical research in all the different fields of endocrinology and metabolism. Articles will be accepted based on peer-reviews, priority, and editorial decision. Invited reviews, mini-reviews and viewpoints on relevant pathophysiological and clinical topics, as well as Editorials on articles appearing in the Journal, are published. Unsolicited Editorials will be evaluated by the editorial team. Outcomes of scientific meetings, as well as guidelines and position statements, may be submitted. The Journal also considers special feature articles in the field of endocrine genetics and epigenetics, as well as articles devoted to novel methods and techniques in endocrinology. Endocrine covers controversial, clinical endocrine issues. Meta-analyses on endocrine and metabolic topics are also accepted. Descriptions of single clinical cases and/or small patients studies are not published unless of exceptional interest. However, reports of novel imaging studies and endocrine side effects in single patients may be considered. Research letters and letters to the editor related or unrelated to recently published articles can be submitted. Endocrine covers leading topics in endocrinology such as neuroendocrinology, pituitary and hypothalamic peptides, thyroid physiological and clinical aspects, bone and mineral metabolism and osteoporosis, obesity, lipid and energy metabolism and food intake control, insulin, Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, hormones of male and female reproduction, adrenal diseases pediatric and geriatric endocrinology, endocrine hypertension and endocrine oncology.