KAleep-Net: A Kolmogorov-Arnold Flash Attention Network for Sleep Stage Classification Using Single-Channel EEG With Explainability

IF 5.2 2区 医学 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL
Zubair Akbar;Farhad Hassan;Jingzhen Li;Ubaidullah Alias Kashif;Yuhang Liu;Jia Gu;Kaixin Zhou;Zedong Nie
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Abstract

Sleep monitoring is essential for assessing sleep quality and understanding its broader implications for overall health. Although electroencephalography (EEG) remains the gold standard for sleep analysis, multichannel techniques are often cumbersome and impractical for real-world application. As a more feasible alternative, single-channel EEG offers greater practicality but still faces several persistent challenges, including reduced spatial resolution, feature instability, and limited clinical interpretability. To address these limitations, we propose KAleep-Net (Kolmogorov-Arnold based Sleep Network) for sleep stage classification. It employs a Multispectral Feature Pipeline to extract both fine-grained and coarse-grained features from single-channel EEG signals. It integrates a Temporal Sequencing Network with Flash Attention to capture rich and stable features effectively. The proposed approach achieved an accuracy of 86.5%, an F1-score of 79.6%, and a Cohen’s $\kappa $ of 79.9% on the Sleep-EDF-20 dataset, along with a 41.7% improvement in training speed. For the Sleep-EDF-78 dataset, it attained 85.0% accuracy, 77.0% F1-score, 78.0% $\kappa $ , and a 67.5% gain in training efficiency. On the SHHS dataset, the model achieved 86.4% accuracy, an F1-score of 0.79, and a $\kappa $ of 0.81, with an 8.18% improvement in training speed. For interpretability, an integrated gradient technique was adopted to enhance decision transparency and promote clinical adoption. The framework offers an efficient solution for sleep staging in resource-constrained environments with clinically trusted insights for single-channel EEG-based sleep monitoring.
KAleep-Net:基于可解释性单通道脑电图的睡眠阶段分类Kolmogorov-Arnold闪光注意网络。
睡眠监测对于评估睡眠质量和了解其对整体健康的广泛影响至关重要。尽管脑电图(EEG)仍然是睡眠分析的黄金标准,但多通道技术对于现实世界的应用通常是繁琐和不切实际的。作为更可行的替代方案,单通道脑电图具有更高的实用性,但仍面临一些持续的挑战,包括空间分辨率降低、特征不稳定和临床可解释性有限。为了解决这些限制,我们提出了KAleep-Net(基于Kolmogorov-Arnold的睡眠网络)用于睡眠阶段分类。采用多谱特征管道从单通道脑电信号中提取细粒度和粗粒度特征。它集成了时序排序网络与闪光注意,有效地捕获丰富和稳定的特征。该方法在Sleep-EDF-20数据集上的准确率为86.5%,f1得分为79.6%,Cohen’s κ为79.9%,训练速度提高了41.7%。对于Sleep-EDF-78数据集,它达到了85.0%的准确率,77.0%的f1分数,78.0%的κ,以及67.5%的训练效率提高。在SHHS数据集上,该模型的准确率达到86.4%,f1得分为0.79,κ系数为0.81,训练速度提高了8.18%。为了提高可解释性,采用了综合梯度技术来提高决策透明度并促进临床采用。该框架为资源受限环境下的睡眠分期提供了有效的解决方案,并为基于单通道脑电图的睡眠监测提供了临床可信的见解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.60
自引率
8.20%
发文量
479
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Rehabilitative and neural aspects of biomedical engineering, including functional electrical stimulation, acoustic dynamics, human performance measurement and analysis, nerve stimulation, electromyography, motor control and stimulation; and hardware and software applications for rehabilitation engineering and assistive devices.
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