Investigating antineoplastic drug surface contamination in veterinary settings and on canine patients.

IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Andrew Floeder, Jingfang Huang, Kelly Bergsrud, Rachael Lilly, Antonella Borgatti, Susan Arnold, Silvia Balbo
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Abstract

Antineoplastic drugs can persist on surfaces in human and veterinary oncology clinics where they are administered, resulting in potentially hazardous exposures for healthcare workers and cancer patient caregivers. To assess potential surface contamination in occupational settings, a new liquid chromatography-selected reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (LC-SRM-MS/MS) method was developed to simultaneously detect six commonly used antineoplastic drugs. A surface wipe and desorption method was optimized for cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, methotrexate, etoposide, paclitaxel, and 5-fluorouracil with drug desorption recoveries ranging from 49% to 79%. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 0.01 to 0.12 ng/ml and 0.01 to 1.33 ng/ml, respectively. This method was used to quantify cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin surface contamination from wipe samples collected at a veterinary clinic following drug administration to canine-patients. Specific areas in the oncology treatment room identified as frequently contacted were sampled to determine the antineoplastic drug surface contamination that could lead to worker exposure through dermal contact, with cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin levels ranging from 6.68 to 17.4 pg cm-2 and 13.5 to 40.3 pg cm-2. Additionally, cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin wipe samples (n = 50) were obtained from two kennel surfaces and 10 canine-patients after chemotherapy. Samples were collected from the patients' coats before leaving the clinic and day after in the home environment to investigate the potential for dogs to be a source of household contamination. Cyclophosphamide was identified in samples collected at home in 4/5 canine-patients at levels ranging from 2.61 to 368 ng/sample, while doxorubicin was identified on kennel surfaces wiped post-treatment at levels ranging from 3.53 to 1655 pg cm-2. These findings support the ability of this method to detect contamination of these drugs in both occupational clinics and homes. The results set the stage for investigating contamination levels in various settings, such as human and veterinary clinics and home environments, as well as evaluating the effectiveness of decontamination products and protocols toward reducing workplace and environmental exposures.

调查兽医机构和犬类患者的抗肿瘤药物表面污染。
抗肿瘤药物可以在人类和兽医肿瘤诊所使用这些药物的表面上持续存在,对医护人员和癌症患者护理人员造成潜在的危险。为了评估职业环境中潜在的表面污染,建立了一种新的液相色谱-选择反应监测-质谱(LC-SRM-MS/MS)方法,同时检测六种常用的抗肿瘤药物。优化了环磷酰胺、阿霉素、甲氨蝶呤、依托泊苷、紫杉醇和5-氟尿嘧啶的表面擦拭解吸方法,药物的解吸回收率为49% ~ 79%。检测限(LOD)为0.01 ~ 0.12 ng/ml,定量限(LOQ)为0.01 ~ 1.33 ng/ml。该方法用于定量定量从兽医诊所收集的犬患者给药后擦拭样品中环磷酰胺和阿霉素表面污染。对肿瘤治疗室中确定为经常接触的特定区域进行采样,以确定可能导致工人通过皮肤接触接触的抗肿瘤药物表面污染,其中环磷酰胺和阿霉素的含量范围为6.68至17.4 pg cm-2和13.5至40.3 pg cm-2。此外,从两个犬舍表面和10名化疗后的犬患者中获得了环磷酰胺和阿霉素擦拭样本(n = 50)。在患者离开诊所前和第二天在家庭环境中从患者的外套中收集样本,以调查狗成为家庭污染源的可能性。在4/5犬患者家中采集的样本中检测到环磷酰胺含量为2.61至368 ng/样本,而在处理后擦拭的犬舍表面上检测到阿霉素含量为3.53至1655 pg - cm-2。这些发现支持了这种方法在职业诊所和家庭中检测这些药物污染的能力。这些结果为调查各种环境中的污染水平奠定了基础,例如人类和兽医诊所以及家庭环境,以及评估去污产品和减少工作场所和环境暴露的协议的有效性。
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来源期刊
Annals Of Work Exposures and Health
Annals Of Work Exposures and Health Medicine-Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
19.20%
发文量
79
期刊介绍: About the Journal Annals of Work Exposures and Health is dedicated to presenting advances in exposure science supporting the recognition, quantification, and control of exposures at work, and epidemiological studies on their effects on human health and well-being. A key question we apply to submission is, "Is this paper going to help readers better understand, quantify, and control conditions at work that adversely or positively affect health and well-being?" We are interested in high quality scientific research addressing: the quantification of work exposures, including chemical, biological, physical, biomechanical, and psychosocial, and the elements of work organization giving rise to such exposures; the relationship between these exposures and the acute and chronic health consequences for those exposed and their families and communities; populations at special risk of work-related exposures including women, under-represented minorities, immigrants, and other vulnerable groups such as temporary, contingent and informal sector workers; the effectiveness of interventions addressing exposure and risk including production technologies, work process engineering, and personal protective systems; policies and management approaches to reduce risk and improve health and well-being among workers, their families or communities; methodologies and mechanisms that underlie the quantification and/or control of exposure and risk. There is heavy pressure on space in the journal, and the above interests mean that we do not usually publish papers that simply report local conditions without generalizable results. We are also unlikely to publish reports on human health and well-being without information on the work exposure characteristics giving rise to the effects. We particularly welcome contributions from scientists based in, or addressing conditions in, developing economies that fall within the above scope.
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