Sprinkler Protection of Storage under Sloped Ceilings—Part 1: Numerical Modeling

IF 2.4 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI:10.1007/s10694-025-01709-x

Prateep Chatterjee, Karl V. Meredith, Justin A. Geiman, Yi Wang

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Abstract

In the present study, a numerical model-based investigation has been conducted to understand the automatic sprinkler protection challenges associated with sloped ceilings. The modeling study has been conducted using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code FireFOAM. Ceiling jets resulting from growing fires on a 3-tier high cartoned unexpanded plastic (CUP) rack-storage commodity have been simulated to investigate the effect of ceiling slope and obstruction (purlin) depth on sprinkler activations. For quick-response, ordinary temperature-rated sprinklers, simulation results show that for the fire source being evaluated, ceilings with \(\le 18^\circ\) inclination and purlin depths of \(\le 0.2\) m have similar activation times and patterns as non-sloped ceiling for the four sprinklers immediately adjacent to the fire source. Spray transport simulations have also been conducted to evaluate the effect of ceiling slope and sprinkler installation orientations on water flux distributions. Results indicated that the sprinkler deflector parallel to the floor is a preferable orientation.

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倾斜天花板下仓库的喷头保护。第1部分：数值模拟

在本研究中，一项基于数值模型的研究已经进行，以了解与倾斜天花板相关的自动喷水灭火保护挑战。利用计算流体力学（CFD）程序FireFOAM进行了建模研究。模拟了一种三层高纸箱未膨胀塑料（CUP）货架储存商品上不断增长的火灾所产生的天花板射流，以研究天花板坡度和障碍物（檩条）深度对喷头激活的影响。对于快速响应的普通额定温度的洒水装置，模拟结果表明，对于正在评估的火源，\(\le 18^\circ\)倾角和檩条深度为\(\le 0.2\) m的天花板与紧临火源的四个洒水装置的非倾斜天花板具有相似的激活时间和模式。此外，还进行了喷雾输运模拟，以评估顶棚坡度和喷头安装方向对水通量分布的影响。结果表明，与地面平行的喷头导流板是较好的方向。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Fire Technology 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

6.60

自引率

14.70%

发文量

137

审稿时长

7.5 months

期刊介绍： Fire Technology publishes original contributions, both theoretical and empirical, that contribute to the solution of problems in fire safety science and engineering. It is the leading journal in the field, publishing applied research dealing with the full range of actual and potential fire hazards facing humans and the environment. It covers the entire domain of fire safety science and engineering problems relevant in industrial, operational, cultural, and environmental applications, including modeling, testing, detection, suppression, human behavior, wildfires, structures, and risk analysis. The aim of Fire Technology is to push forward the frontiers of knowledge and technology by encouraging interdisciplinary communication of significant technical developments in fire protection and subjects of scientific interest to the fire protection community at large. It is published in conjunction with the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and the Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE). The mission of NFPA is to help save lives and reduce loss with information, knowledge, and passion. The mission of SFPE is advancing the science and practice of fire protection engineering internationally.