Dynamics of Post-Fire Succession in Black-Water Floodplain Forests of Central Amazonia: Insights From a 36-Year Chronosequence

IF 2.6 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Applied Vegetation Science Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI:10.1111/avsc.70039

Gildo V. Feitoza, Adriano C. Quaresma, Layon O. Demarchi, Tayane C. Carvalho, Viviane P. Klein, Gisele Biem Mori, Maria Teresa F. Piedade, Jochen Schöngart

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Questions

Understanding the dynamics of species composition and ecosystem recovery after fire disturbance is essential for effective conservation and management strategies in the Amazon biome. This study aimed to elucidate the post-fire succession of black-water floodplain forests (termed “igapó” in Brazil) during a 36-year chronosequence, analyzing changes in density, diversity, composition, and aboveground wood biomass (AGWB) of tree species. Furthermore, we also discuss the implications of forest fires on the resilience of igapó forests.

Location

Black-water floodplain forests of the Jaú National Park and adjacent regions, Central Amazonia, Brazil.

Methods

Floristic inventories of tree species with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm were compiled in 47 plots (625 m²; total area of 2.94 ha) considering a chronosequence which integrated successional stages of nine distinct fire occurrences associated with El Niño episodes during the period 1982–2017. AGWB estimates were derived from measurements of diameter, wood density, and tree height, applying a pantropical allometric model. Changes in density, diversity, species composition, and AGWB were analyzed based on the occurrence of fires, and physicochemical soil characteristics (0–20 cm depth), obtained from each plot.

Results

A total of 3880 individuals comprising 77 tree species from 29 botanical families were recorded. The dominant families were Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae, Malpighiaceae, Phyllanthaceae, and Lecythidaceae. Time since fire occurrence explained much of the gradual increase in species richness, diversity, density, AGWB stocks, and changes in floristic composition, while soil conditions played a minor role.

Conclusions

Black-water floodplain forests need long periods to recover after a single fire disturbance. Even after 36 years, regenerating forests exhibit lower species diversity and AGWB stocks than late-successional stages (> 100 years) of igapó forests. This reinforces the need to enhance conservation efforts to prevent fires in this vulnerable ecosystem.

Abstract Image

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亚马逊中部黑水漫滩森林火灾后演替动态：来自36年时间序列的见解

了解火灾干扰后物种组成和生态系统恢复的动态变化对有效保护和管理亚马逊生物群系至关重要。本研究旨在通过分析树木密度、多样性、组成和地上生物量（AGWB）的变化，阐明巴西黑水洪泛平原森林（igapó） 36年的火灾后演替过程。此外，我们还讨论了森林火灾对igapó森林恢复力的影响。位置黑水泛滥平原森林Jaú国家公园和邻近地区，亚马逊中部，巴西。方法根据1982-2017年9次与El Niño事件相关的不同火灾演变阶段的时间序列，对47个样地（625 m2，总面积2.94 ha）胸径≥5 cm的树种进行植物区系清查。AGWB估计值来自直径、木材密度和树高的测量，应用泛热带异速生长模型。根据火灾发生情况和各样地土壤理化特征（0 ~ 20 cm深度），分析密度、多样性、物种组成和AGWB的变化。结果共记录到29科77种树种3880株。优势科为蚕豆科、大戟科、茜草科、凤梨科、千叶兰科和乳香科。自火灾发生以来的时间在很大程度上解释了物种丰富度、多样性、密度、AGWB储量和植物区系组成变化的逐渐增加，而土壤条件起了次要作用。结论黑水漫滩森林在一次火灾后需要较长的恢复时间。即使在36年后，更新林的物种多样性和AGWB储量也低于演替后期（100年）igapó森林。这加强了加强保护工作以防止这一脆弱生态系统发生火灾的必要性。

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来源期刊

Applied Vegetation Science 环境科学-林学

CiteScore

6.00

自引率

10.70%

发文量

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Applied Vegetation Science focuses on community-level topics relevant to human interaction with vegetation, including global change, nature conservation, nature management, restoration of plant communities and of natural habitats, and the planning of semi-natural and urban landscapes. Vegetation survey, modelling and remote-sensing applications are welcome. Papers on vegetation science which do not fit to this scope (do not have an applied aspect and are not vegetation survey) should be directed to our associate journal, the Journal of Vegetation Science. Both journals publish papers on the ecology of a single species only if it plays a key role in structuring plant communities.