An ultra-compact and highly sensitive magnetic field sensor using a gradient-tapered SMF–TMMF–SMF structure

IF 2.7 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Optical Fiber Technology Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI:10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104387

Chao Feng, Xiufang Wang, Taiji Dong, Haonan Sun, Jiaqi Fan

{"title":"An ultra-compact and highly sensitive magnetic field sensor using a gradient-tapered SMF–TMMF–SMF structure","authors":"Chao Feng, Xiufang Wang, Taiji Dong, Haonan Sun, Jiaqi Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104387","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes an ultra-compact magnetic field sensor based on a single-mode–tapered multimode–single-mode (STMS) structure using a gradient-tapered multimode fiber (TMMF). The sensor employs an axially graded tapering process to finely tune the microstructure of the multimode fiber, which not only enhances modal phase accumulation but also effectively extends the penetration depth of the evanescent field. This leads to a high degree of spatial overlap between the interference phase modulation region and the external magnetic field interaction zone, significantly improving the optical field’s sensitivity to magnetic fluid perturbations and its nonlinear response efficiency. Theoretical modeling and simulation analysis further reveal the critical role of the tapered structure in high-order mode excitation, interference phase evolution, and optical field energy distribution. With a compact length of just 2.843 mm, the sensor exhibits a peak sensitivity of 2.16 nm/mT in the 10–16 mT magnetic field range. The repeatability error is as low as ±0.0136 %, demonstrating outstanding stability and sensing performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104387"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Optical Fiber Technology","FirstCategoryId":"94","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1068520025002627","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study proposes an ultra-compact magnetic field sensor based on a single-mode–tapered multimode–single-mode (STMS) structure using a gradient-tapered multimode fiber (TMMF). The sensor employs an axially graded tapering process to finely tune the microstructure of the multimode fiber, which not only enhances modal phase accumulation but also effectively extends the penetration depth of the evanescent field. This leads to a high degree of spatial overlap between the interference phase modulation region and the external magnetic field interaction zone, significantly improving the optical field’s sensitivity to magnetic fluid perturbations and its nonlinear response efficiency. Theoretical modeling and simulation analysis further reveal the critical role of the tapered structure in high-order mode excitation, interference phase evolution, and optical field energy distribution. With a compact length of just 2.843 mm, the sensor exhibits a peak sensitivity of 2.16 nm/mT in the 10–16 mT magnetic field range. The repeatability error is as low as ±0.0136 %, demonstrating outstanding stability and sensing performance.

查看原文本刊更多论文

采用梯度锥形SMF-TMMF-SMF结构的超紧凑高灵敏度磁场传感器

本研究提出了一种基于单模-锥形多模-单模（STMS）结构的超紧凑磁场传感器，该传感器采用梯度-锥形多模光纤（TMMF）。该传感器采用轴向渐变变细工艺对多模光纤的微结构进行微调，不仅增强了模态相位积累，而且有效地延长了倏逝场的穿透深度。这使得干涉相位调制区与外磁场相互作用区之间存在高度的空间重叠，显著提高了光场对磁流体扰动的灵敏度和非线性响应效率。理论建模和仿真分析进一步揭示了锥形结构在高阶模激发、干涉相位演化和光场能量分布中的关键作用。该传感器的紧凑长度仅为2.843 mm，在10-16 mT磁场范围内的峰值灵敏度为2.16 nm/mT。重复性误差低至±0.0136%，具有良好的稳定性和传感性能。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Optical Fiber Technology 工程技术-电信学

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

11.10%

发文量

327

审稿时长

63 days

期刊介绍： Innovations in optical fiber technology are revolutionizing world communications. Newly developed fiber amplifiers allow for direct transmission of high-speed signals over transcontinental distances without the need for electronic regeneration. Optical fibers find new applications in data processing. The impact of fiber materials, devices, and systems on communications in the coming decades will create an abundance of primary literature and the need for up-to-date reviews. Optical Fiber Technology: Materials, Devices, and Systems is a new cutting-edge journal designed to fill a need in this rapidly evolving field for speedy publication of regular length papers. Both theoretical and experimental papers on fiber materials, devices, and system performance evaluation and measurements are eligible, with emphasis on practical applications.