Radiative flow of hybrid nanofluid (TiO2+Ag/Blood and Au + Al2O3/Blood) over a sheet with Cattaneo–Christov heat transport

Abstract

This paper investigates the radiative flow and heat transport characteristics of two biologically compatible hybrid nanofluids-TiO₂+Ag/blood and Au + Al₂O₃/blood-over an exponentially stretching sheet, incorporating the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model. The effects of velocity slip, thermal slip, nanoparticle volume fraction, thermal relaxation time, Prandtl number, heat generation, and nondimensional suction are examined. The governing non-conservative partial differential equations are reduced to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations via similarity transformations and numerically solved using the BVP4C MATLAB solver. The results reveal that increasing thermogenesis, slip velocity, and nanoparticle volume fraction enhances heat transfer, while increased thermal slip and Prandtl number reduce the temperature near the surface. Additionally, higher nanoparticle concentrations, suction, and velocity slip parameters decrease the velocity profile. This comprehensive analysis provides critical insights into modulating thermal and velocity fields in biologically relevant hybrid nanofluid systems, offering valuable guidance for the design of advanced biomedical devices and thermal management technologies.