Bacterial Contamination of Liquid Nitrogen Tanks Used to Store Bull AI Doses: A Cross-Sectional Study.

IF 1.7 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Reproduction in Domestic Animals Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI:10.1111/rda.70120

Britta Hensel, Yesica Schulze, Maria Kasten, Markus Jung, Martin Schulze

{"title":"Bacterial Contamination of Liquid Nitrogen Tanks Used to Store Bull AI Doses: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Britta Hensel, Yesica Schulze, Maria Kasten, Markus Jung, Martin Schulze","doi":"10.1111/rda.70120","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Extended bull sperm for artificial insemination is routinely cryopreserved and stored in liquid nitrogen (LN2, -196°C) tanks to maintain semen quality for extended periods. Bacterial contamination impairs sperm quality; however, hygienic conditions of LN2 tanks are monitored insufficiently. This study aimed to assess the hygienic situation in routinely used LN2 tanks under field conditions. For this purpose, 141 LN2 tanks from 19 AI centres were sampled to provide an overview of bacterial contamination prevalence. Additionally, antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed for 13 commonly used antibiotics on all bacterial species isolated from three or more LN2 tanks. Out of 141 LN2 tanks, 81.7% were contaminated with one (44.3%), two (26.7%), three (9.2%), or four (1.5%) bacterial species, respectively. Overall, 25 bacterial genera were found, which yielded 49 different species. Results emphasise that contamination of LN2 tanks used in bull AI is common. Systematic monitoring and the introduction of hygiene guidelines are, therefore, recommended.","PeriodicalId":21035,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction in Domestic Animals","volume":"60 9","pages":"e70120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Reproduction in Domestic Animals","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.70120","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Extended bull sperm for artificial insemination is routinely cryopreserved and stored in liquid nitrogen (LN₂, -196°C) tanks to maintain semen quality for extended periods. Bacterial contamination impairs sperm quality; however, hygienic conditions of LN₂ tanks are monitored insufficiently. This study aimed to assess the hygienic situation in routinely used LN₂ tanks under field conditions. For this purpose, 141 LN₂ tanks from 19 AI centres were sampled to provide an overview of bacterial contamination prevalence. Additionally, antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed for 13 commonly used antibiotics on all bacterial species isolated from three or more LN₂ tanks. Out of 141 LN₂ tanks, 81.7% were contaminated with one (44.3%), two (26.7%), three (9.2%), or four (1.5%) bacterial species, respectively. Overall, 25 bacterial genera were found, which yielded 49 different species. Results emphasise that contamination of LN₂ tanks used in bull AI is common. Systematic monitoring and the introduction of hygiene guidelines are, therefore, recommended.

查看原文本刊更多论文

用于储存牛AI剂量的液氮罐的细菌污染：一项横断面研究。

用于人工授精的延长公牛精子通常冷冻保存并储存在液氮（LN2, -196°C）储罐中，以长时间保持精液质量。细菌污染损害精子质量；然而，LN2储罐的卫生条件监测不足。本研究旨在评估野外条件下常规使用的LN2储罐的卫生状况。为此，对来自19个人工智能中心的141个LN2罐进行了取样，以提供细菌污染流行情况的概述。此外，对从三个或多个LN2罐中分离的所有细菌进行了13种常用抗生素的抗菌药敏试验。141个LN2罐中，81.7%分别被1种（44.3%）、2种（26.7%）、3种（9.2%）和4种（1.5%）细菌污染。总共发现了25个细菌属，产生了49个不同的物种。结果强调了牛AI中使用的LN2罐的污染是常见的。因此，建议进行系统监测并引入卫生准则。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Reproduction in Domestic Animals 农林科学-奶制品与动物科学

CiteScore

3.00

自引率

5.90%

发文量

238

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： The journal offers comprehensive information concerning physiology, pathology, and biotechnology of reproduction. Topical results are currently published in original papers, reviews, and short communications with particular attention to investigations on practicable techniques. Carefully selected reports, e. g. on embryo transfer and associated biotechnologies, gene transfer, and spermatology provide a link between basic research and clinical application. The journal applies to breeders, veterinarians, and biologists, and is also of interest in human medicine. Interdisciplinary cooperation is documented in the proceedings of the joint annual meetings. Fields of interest: Animal reproduction and biotechnology with special regard to investigations on applied and clinical research.