Physical, Mental, and Social Characteristics Associated With Happiness in Individuals With Schizophrenia in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study.

IF 2 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuropsychopharmacology Reports Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI:10.1002/npr2.70045

Junna Hattori, Masaaki Matsunaga, Yupeng He, Kenji Sakuma, Taro Kishi, Shinichi Tanihara, Nakao Iwata, Atsuhiko Ota

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Abstract

Objective: To examine the characteristics associated with happiness in Japanese individuals with schizophrenia.

Methods: A self-reported online survey was conducted in 2022 among individuals aged 20-75 years, including 223 and 1776 individuals with and without schizophrenia, respectively. We used a modified Poisson regression to assess the factors associated with happiness by calculating the age- and sex-adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs). We examined within-schizophrenia group differences by age and sex strata, and compared these stratified PRs between groups with and without schizophrenia.

Results: Among participants with schizophrenia, happiness was significantly associated with self-rated health status (PR = 1.75), Ikigai (PR = 5.02), depressive symptoms (PR = 0.43), perceived stress (PR = 0.52), cognitive social capital (PR = 2.07), structural social capital (PR = 1.70), social support (PR = 2.40), close friends (PR = 1.88), close relatives (PR = 2.34), and a cohabiting partner (PR = 1.57). Within the schizophrenia group, sex differences were significant for cognitive social capital (men: PR = 3.45; women: PR = 1.43) and cohabiting partners (men: PR = 2.26; women: PR = 1.25), whereas no significant age differences were found. Factors demonstrating a stronger association in participants with schizophrenia than in those without schizophrenia included: Ikigai (with, PR = 5.02; without, PR = 2.91), cognitive social capital (with, PR = 2.07; without, PR = 1.49), and structural social capital (with, PR = 1.70; without, PR = 1.24).

Conclusion: Happiness in individuals with schizophrenia is associated with physical, mental, and social factors, with social factors exhibiting sex-related differences.

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日本精神分裂症患者与幸福相关的生理、心理和社会特征：一项横断面研究。

目的：研究日本精神分裂症患者与幸福感相关的特征。方法：在2022年对20-75岁的个体进行了一项自我报告的在线调查，其中分别包括223名和1776名患有和非精神分裂症的个体。我们通过计算年龄和性别调整的患病率比率（pr），使用修正泊松回归来评估与幸福相关的因素。我们检查了精神分裂症组内年龄和性别阶层的差异，并比较了精神分裂症组和非精神分裂症组之间这些分层的pr。结果：在精神分裂症患者中，幸福感与自评健康状况（PR = 1.75）、Ikigai （PR = 5.02）、抑郁症状（PR = 0.43）、感知压力（PR = 0.52）、认知社会资本（PR = 2.07）、结构性社会资本（PR = 1.70）、社会支持（PR = 2.40）、亲密朋友（PR = 1.88）、近亲（PR = 2.34）和同居伴侣（PR = 1.57）显著相关。在精神分裂症组中，认知社会资本（男性：PR = 3.45；女性：PR = 1.43）和同居伴侣（男性：PR = 2.26；女性：PR = 1.25）的性别差异显著，而年龄差异不显著。精神分裂症患者比非精神分裂症患者表现出更强相关性的因素包括：Ikigai（有，PR = 5.02；没有，PR = 2.91）、认知社会资本（有，PR = 2.07；没有，PR = 1.49）和结构性社会资本（有，PR = 1.70；没有，PR = 1.24）。结论：精神分裂症患者的幸福感与生理、心理和社会因素有关，其中社会因素表现出性别差异。

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