Time-restricted eating and its metabolic benefits in obesity and insulin resistance

IF 2.6 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Clinical nutrition ESPEN Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI:10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.08.033

Najd Al Sarayreh, Hayder Al-Domi, Aseel Jawamis

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background & aims

This study aimed to critically review the potential effects of time-restricted eating (TRE) on lipemic and glycemic control, as well as certain inflammatory biomarkers, including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance.

Methods

A critical review of the relevant published articles (56 original articles) from 2007 to 2025 was carried out using several search engines, including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. The following keywords were used: TRE, insulin resistance, inflammatory biomarkers, and blood glucose.

Results

TRE shows potential in improving glycemic and lipemic control in obese individuals with insulin resistance, although its effect on inflammatory markers such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 remains inconsistent. Mechanistic studies suggest that activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), suppression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and ketosis help enhance glucose metabolism, promote autophagy, boost mitochondrial function, and lower triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Despite these benefits, human trial results are mixed, with inconsistencies mainly caused by small sample sizes, varying TRE protocols, and differences in study design and populations characteristics.

Conclusion

The effect of TRE is contradictory regarding body weight, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and pro-inflammatory status. Furthermore, a well-designed, randomized controlled trial with a long study duration is warranted to investigate the effectiveness of TRE, as it would provide critical insights into the sustainability and broader health impact of this dietary approach.

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限时饮食及其对肥胖和胰岛素抵抗的代谢益处。

背景与目的：本研究旨在严格审查限时饮食（TRE）对肥胖和胰岛素抵抗患者血脂和血糖控制的潜在影响，以及某些炎症生物标志物，包括白细胞介素-1β (IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6 （IL-6）水平。方法：使用PubMed、Scopus、Cochrane、谷歌Scholar等多个搜索引擎，对2007年至2025年间发表的相关文章（56篇原创文章）进行回顾性分析。使用以下关键词：TRE，胰岛素抵抗，炎症生物标志物和血糖。结果：TRE显示出改善胰岛素抵抗肥胖个体血糖和血脂控制的潜力，尽管其对炎症标志物如IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6的影响仍不一致。机制研究表明，激活单磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶（AMPK）、抑制哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）和酮症有助于增强葡萄糖代谢、促进自噬、增强线粒体功能、降低甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平。尽管有这些益处，但人体试验结果好坏参半，不一致的主要原因是样本量小、TRE方案不同、研究设计和人群特征不同。结论：TRE对体重、胰岛素敏感性、血脂和促炎状态的影响是相互矛盾的。此外，有必要进行一项设计良好、持续时间较长的随机对照试验，以调查TRE的有效性，因为它将为这种饮食方法的可持续性和更广泛的健康影响提供关键见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical nutrition ESPEN NUTRITION & DIETETICS-

CiteScore

4.90

自引率

3.30%

发文量

512

期刊介绍： Clinical Nutrition ESPEN is an electronic-only journal and is an official publication of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN). Nutrition and nutritional care have gained wide clinical and scientific interest during the past decades. The increasing knowledge of metabolic disturbances and nutritional assessment in chronic and acute diseases has stimulated rapid advances in design, development and clinical application of nutritional support. The aims of ESPEN are to encourage the rapid diffusion of knowledge and its application in the field of clinical nutrition and metabolism. Published bimonthly, Clinical Nutrition ESPEN focuses on publishing articles on the relationship between nutrition and disease in the setting of basic science and clinical practice. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN is available to all members of ESPEN and to all subscribers of Clinical Nutrition.