Prevalence of sacroiliitis on magnetic resonance enterography in Crohn's disease and its association with intestinal findings: a monocentric observational cross-sectional study.

Abstract

Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) is recommended for the assessment of small intestine alterations in Crohn's disease (CD). Sacroiliac joints (SIJs) imaging has a central role in the early diagnosis of sacroiliitis (SI). MRE can evaluate both acute and structural findings of SIJs. We aimed to assess the prevalence of SI detected by MRE in a cohort of CD patients, and the associations of SI with demographic and clinical features and with intestinal MRE findings. Two hundred patients affected by CD (M:F 1:1, median age 49.5 (22.5) years, median CD duration 4.75 (16.2) years) tested with MRE between 2011 and 2023 were selected. They discontinued tumor necrosis factor α inhibitors (TNFαi) at least 3 months before the MRE execution. Most patients had an ileal CD location (65.0%) and a stricturing behavior of disease (50.0%). Thirty-five percent of patients underwent ileocecal resection. One out of ten patients were treated with at least one TNFαi. Active SI, capsulitis, erosions, sclerosis, and ankylosis were present in 10.5%, 0.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, and 1.5%, respectively. No significant correlations have been evidenced between the presence of SI and demographic and clinical variables. The presence of an asymmetric hyperenhancement of the bowel wall was instead directly associated with the presence of SI (OR 8.61, 95% CI 1.47-50.4, p = 0.017). In this study, subclinical SI is a frequent finding in CD patients being present in one out of ten MRE examination. This phenomenon was significantly associated with asymmetric mural enhancement, a specific CD intestinal lesion at MRE.