The impact of methylphenidate on oral health parameters, salivary flow rate, and quality of life in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a cross-sectional study.
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of methylphenidate on oral health, salivary flow rate, and quality of life in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), focusing on differences between short-release methylphenidate (SRM) and long-release methylphenidate (LRM) formulations.
Materials and methods: A total of 99 children participated in this cross-sectional study (ADHD: n = 49; divided into SRM (n = 27) and LRM (n = 22) subgroups based on medication type; control: n = 50). Dental caries was assessed using the DMFT/dft indices and the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), while oral hygiene was evaluated using the Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), and Bleeding on Probing (BOP). Unstimulated salivary flow rates were measured. Salivary Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus levels were quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Quality of life was assessed with the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ) and KIDSCREEN-10. Logistic regression analyses examined associations between oral health outcomes, ADHD status, and medication type.
Results: The ADHD group, especially SRM users, showed significantly higher DMFT scores, poorer oral hygiene, and reduced salivary flow rates compared to controls. Regression models further identified increased BOP and decreased salivary flow as predictors of ADHD and SRM use. qPCR confirmed higher Streptococcus mutans levels in SRM users. Quality of life was lower in ADHD children, particularly older SRM users.
Conclusions: Children with ADHD receiving methylphenidate exhibited poorer oral health and reduced quality of life, especially with SRM formulations.
Clinical relevance: Clinicians should be aware that children-particularly those receiving SRM-are more likely to present with reduced salivary flow, increased plaque accumulation, and gingival inflammation. Regular dental monitoring, reinforcement of oral hygiene practices, and dietary counseling should be integrated into the care plans of these patients.
期刊介绍：
The journal Clinical Oral Investigations is a multidisciplinary, international forum for publication of research from all fields of oral medicine. The journal publishes original scientific articles and invited reviews which provide up-to-date results of basic and clinical studies in oral and maxillofacial science and medicine. The aim is to clarify the relevance of new results to modern practice, for an international readership. Coverage includes maxillofacial and oral surgery, prosthetics and restorative dentistry, operative dentistry, endodontics, periodontology, orthodontics, dental materials science, clinical trials, epidemiology, pedodontics, oral implant, preventive dentistiry, oral pathology, oral basic sciences and more.
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