Implant treatment modalities of non-syndromic congenitally missing premolars: a retrospective case series of 74 specialist care patients over an 11-year-cohort.

Abstract

Objective: The study aims to evaluate the course of implant treatment for congenitally missing lower -second premolars in patients referred to publicly funded specialist care over an 11-year period.

Material and methods: This retrospective, register-based cohort study selected patient data on dental implant treatment in the lower second premolar region from 2009 to 2019 (n = 146). After applying exclusion criteria, the final sample included 74 patients. Data on retained deciduous teeth, orthodontic treatment prior to implant placement, and implantation procedures were gathered from patient files. Results were presented using descriptive statistics, t-test, and Chi-square analyses (p < 0.05).

Results: The most common orthodontic treatment was space optimization before dental implant placement. Most retained deciduous teeth were extracted between ages 21 and 29, with a median of 6 months before implant placement. Bone grafting was performed at 23% of implant sites. The mean implant diameter was 4.0 mm, and the mean implant length was 9.6 mm. Good primary stability was achieved in all cases.

Conclusion: Individually planned orthodontic and surgical treatments are essential in managing congenitally missing lower premolars, particularly when implant placement is indicated. Early diagnosis and collaboration between dental specialists are key elements in the treatment. A multidisciplinary approach ensures optimal space for implant, bone preservation, and optimal implant alignment.