Economic Burden of Respiratory Viruses in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC): A Scoping Literature Review

IF 4.2 4区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI:10.1111/irv.70148

Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk, Paula Couto, Jorge H. Jara, Miguel Descalzo, Marc Rondy, Stefano Tempia, Andrea Vicari

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Abstract

Objective

The objective of this study is to summarize the state of knowledge on the economic burden and cost of illness due to influenza, SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and other respiratory viruses (ORV) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).

Methods

We performed a scoping review across three databases (PubMed-Medline, Scielo, and Embase) without time restriction, including economic burden and cost-of-illness studies. We extracted and analyzed data on publication year, population, study type, perspective, costing techniques, and settings. We reported absolute and relative frequencies to summarize the results. Economic burden estimates were divided by the gross domestic product (GDP) for each country. Costs were converted into 2022 international dollars (PPP).

Results

Overall, 2638 articles were retrieved; we included 44 full texts from 16 LAC countries. Twenty-four (54.5%) studies focused on influenza, 16 (36.4%) on SARS-CoV-2, 3 (6.8%) on RSV, and 1 on ORV. Twenty two (50.0%) focused on cost-effectiveness (related to vaccination)/cost–benefit analysis, and 17 (38.6%) focused on cost of illness. Most studies (n = 33, 75.0%) were conducted from the third-party perspective. Fifty percent of the studies used a bottom-up costing technique and 29.6% top-down. Influenza direct medical costs ranged from I$6.6–I$300.3 for outpatients and I$62.8–I$222,920 for inpatients; for RSV from I$68.3–I$1292; and for SARS-CoV-2 between I$69.9 and I$38,039. The total annual costs of the influenza economic burden ranged between 0.0003% and 1.33% of the GDP.

Conclusion

This study showed variability in costing methods, perspectives, and types of studies among LAC countries. This variability underscores the need for standardized methodologies in future cost studies to ensure comparability and reliability of results.

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拉丁美洲和加勒比地区（LAC）呼吸道病毒的经济负担：范围文献综述

本研究的目的是总结拉丁美洲和加勒比地区（LAC）因流感、SARS-CoV-2、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）和其他呼吸道病毒（ORV）引起的疾病的经济负担和成本的知识状况。方法：我们在没有时间限制的情况下对三个数据库（PubMed-Medline、Scielo和Embase）进行了范围综述，包括经济负担和疾病成本研究。我们提取并分析了出版年份、人口、研究类型、视角、成本计算技术和设置方面的数据。我们报告了绝对频率和相对频率来总结结果。经济负担估计除以每个国家的国内生产总值（GDP）。成本换算成2022年国际美元（PPP）。结果共检索2638篇文献；我们收录了来自16个拉丁美洲和加勒比国家的44篇全文。24项（54.5%）研究针对流感，16项（36.4%）研究针对SARS-CoV-2, 3项（6.8%）研究针对RSV， 1项研究针对ORV。22个国家（50.0%）侧重于成本效益（与疫苗接种有关）/成本效益分析，17个国家（38.6%）侧重于疾病成本。大多数研究（n = 33, 75.0%）是从第三方角度进行的。50%的研究采用自下而上的成本计算方法，29.6%采用自上而下的成本计算方法。流感直接医疗费用为门诊患者6.6 - 300.3澳元和住院患者62.8 - 222,920澳元；呼吸道合胞病毒的收费为68.3 - 1292澳币；SARS-CoV-2在69.9至38,039美元之间。每年流感经济负担的总成本占本地生产总值的0.0003%至1.33%。本研究显示了成本计算方法、视角和研究类型在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区国家之间的差异。这种可变性强调了在今后的费用研究中需要标准化的方法，以确保结果的可比性和可靠性。

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来源期刊

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 医学-病毒学

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

4.50%

发文量

120

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is the official journal of the International Society of Influenza and Other Respiratory Virus Diseases - an independent scientific professional society - dedicated to promoting the prevention, detection, treatment, and control of influenza and other respiratory virus diseases. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is an Open Access journal. Copyright on any research article published by Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is retained by the author(s). Authors grant Wiley a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.