Novel Deterministic Secure Semi-Quantum Communication Based on GHZ-State Entanglement Compression Technology

Abstract

Semi-quantum communication, serving as transitional technology between quantum communication and classical communication, bridges fully quantum-capable users with “classical” users who have limited quantum capabilities. It provides practical solution for application scenarios that struggle to bear high costs of quantum resources. This paper designs a novel deterministic secure semi-quantum communication protocol that significantly enhances communication efficiency by utilizing Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states for entanglement compression. The protocol consists of two core components: eavesdropping detection mechanism and transmission process for compressed and encrypted information sequences. During the eavesdropping detection phase, the protocol incorporates decoy photon technology to effectively expose and prevent potential eavesdropping attempts. In the secret information transmission phase, the protocol combines the advantages of a pseudo-random number generator driven by one-way hash function and GHZ-state-based entanglement compression technology to randomly rearrange and compress-encrypt the secret information, ensuring its high security and integrity during transmission. Ultimately, the receiver can accurately decrypt and restore the original secret information using a pre-agreed key. The protocol not only successfully integrates multiple advanced technologies to resist various attacks and ensure the absolute secure transmission of secret information, but also provides strong support for practical applications with its communication efficiency of up to 50% and high practicality.