Endotelio. Función y daño endotelial. Concepto de factores de riesgo de ateroesclerosis. Factores corregibles

Abstract

The endothelium can be described as an extensive organ that separates blood from the lumen of arterial vessels and tissues. It plays a role in regulating vasodilation, platelet aggregation and thrombosis, and inflammation. It does so through substances it secretes and as an effector of substances secreted by other cells and organs, maintaining close interaction with platelets and circulating leukocytes. The endothelium is the fundamental link between cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis that plays a crucial role in the process of atherogenesis, even before plaques are formed. This phenomenon is the consequence of an imbalance caused by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), an increase in oxidative stress, and a reduction in protective factors such as nitric oxide. This situation is aggravated by the existence of cardiovascular risk factors and unhealthy lifestyle habits.