Neonatal Autonomic and Adrenocorticotropic Features in the Offspring of Mothers With Gestational Diabetes

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

Archives of Medical Research Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI:10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103293

Sebastiano Ravenda , Virginia Beretta , Elena Scarpa , Chiara Petrolini , Valentina Dell’Orto , Luca Carnevali , Andrea Sgoifo , Serafina Perrone

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects intrauterine glucose regulation and influences heart rate variability (HRV) and cortisol levels in newborns, which are markers of autonomic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function. This study aimed to evaluate HRV and cortisol levels in newborns of healthy mothers and those with GDM within the first 24 h of life, and to compare these measures between sexes.

Methods

A total of 59 newborns were monitored for heart rate (HR) and HRV from the 6 h of life. Salivary cortisol levels were measured 3–6 h (T1) and 20–24 h (T2) after birth. HRV parameters included the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), the high (HF) and low (LF) band power of HRV, and the LF/HF ratio.

Results

GDM newborns showed lower HR, higher RMSSD, and a lower LF/HF ratio compared to controls. GDM females had lower HR than control females and GDM males, while GDM males had higher RMSSD and HF than control males. Cortisol levels decreased from T1–T2 in both groups with no sex differences.

Conclusions

Newborns from mothers with GDM exhibited lower HR and higher cardiac vagal modulation, with sex-specific differences. GDM females showed a decrease in HR without changes in HRV, whereas GDM males showed an increase in vagally mediated HRV without changes in HR. GDM does not seem to affect cortisol levels in newborns. These findings highlight sex-specific cardiac autonomic responses to birth stress in GDM-exposed newborns across the first day of life, which play an important role in shaping different behavioral, resilience, and well-being trajectories in early infancy.

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妊娠期糖尿病母亲后代的新生儿自主神经和促肾上腺皮质激素特征

背景妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）影响新生儿的宫内血糖调节，并影响心率变异性（HRV）和皮质醇水平，这是自主神经和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴功能的标志。本研究旨在评估健康母亲和GDM患者出生后24小时内新生儿的HRV和皮质醇水平，并比较这些指标在性别之间的差异。方法对59例新生儿从出生后6 h开始监测心率（HR）和HRV。出生后3-6 h （T1）和20-24 h （T2）分别测定唾液皮质醇水平。HRV参数包括连续差均方根（RMSSD）、HRV高（HF）和低（LF）波段功率、LF/HF比值。结果与对照组相比，gdm新生儿HR较低，RMSSD较高，LF/HF比值较低。GDM女性的HR低于对照组女性和GDM男性，而GDM男性的RMSSD和HF高于对照组男性。两组皮质醇水平均从T1-T2下降，无性别差异。结论GDM母亲所生的新生儿心率较低，心脏迷走神经调节较高，且存在性别差异。GDM女性患者HR降低，HRV无变化，而GDM男性患者迷走神经介导HRV升高，HR无变化。GDM似乎不影响新生儿的皮质醇水平。这些发现强调了gdm暴露的新生儿在出生第一天对出生压力的性别特异性心脏自主神经反应，这在婴儿早期形成不同的行为、恢复力和幸福轨迹中起着重要作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Archives of Medical Research 医学-医学：研究与实验

CiteScore

12.50

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

28 days

期刊介绍： Archives of Medical Research serves as a platform for publishing original peer-reviewed medical research, aiming to bridge gaps created by medical specialization. The journal covers three main categories - biomedical, clinical, and epidemiological contributions, along with review articles and preliminary communications. With an international scope, it presents the study of diseases from diverse perspectives, offering the medical community original investigations ranging from molecular biology to clinical epidemiology in a single publication.