{"title":"Is the composition of the solar atmosphere unusual, and if so, why?","authors":"Bengt Gustafsson","doi":"10.1007/s00159-025-00160-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ongoing discussion about the atomic chemical composition of the Sun is commented on. The main focus in this review is on the deviation of the solar composition from that of most other solar-type stars in that its ratio of volatiles (like the elements C, N, O, S, P and Zn) to the refractories (most metals, like Ba, Ca, Ti, Y, Al, Sc and Zr) tends to be higher in the Sun by 10 to 20%. What does this tell about the formation and evolution of the Solar System? Scenarios in terms of galactic evolution, formation of the pre-solar nebula, of the evolution of the protoplanetary disk, of the engulfing of planets, and of other processes within the Solar System are considered, as well as the evolution of binary stars with similarly different chemical composition. Finally, implications, if any, on the habitability of the Solar System will be commented on.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":785,"journal":{"name":"The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00159-025-00160-9.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review","FirstCategoryId":"4","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00159-025-00160-9","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The ongoing discussion about the atomic chemical composition of the Sun is commented on. The main focus in this review is on the deviation of the solar composition from that of most other solar-type stars in that its ratio of volatiles (like the elements C, N, O, S, P and Zn) to the refractories (most metals, like Ba, Ca, Ti, Y, Al, Sc and Zr) tends to be higher in the Sun by 10 to 20%. What does this tell about the formation and evolution of the Solar System? Scenarios in terms of galactic evolution, formation of the pre-solar nebula, of the evolution of the protoplanetary disk, of the engulfing of planets, and of other processes within the Solar System are considered, as well as the evolution of binary stars with similarly different chemical composition. Finally, implications, if any, on the habitability of the Solar System will be commented on.
对正在进行的关于太阳原子化学组成的讨论作了评论。这篇评论的主要焦点是太阳组成与大多数其他太阳型恒星的偏差，因为它的挥发物（如元素C， N， O， S， P和Zn）与耐火材料（大多数金属，如Ba， Ca, Ti， Y, Al， Sc和Zr）的比例在太阳中往往要高10%到20%。关于太阳系的形成和演化，这说明了什么？考虑了银河系演化、前太阳星云的形成、原行星盘的演化、行星的吞没和太阳系内的其他过程，以及具有类似不同化学成分的双星的演化。最后，如果对太阳系的宜居性有任何影响，我们将对其进行评论。
期刊介绍：
The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review is a journal that covers all areas of astronomy and astrophysics. It includes subjects related to other fields such as laboratory or particle physics, cosmic ray physics, studies in the solar system, astrobiology, instrumentation, and computational and statistical methods with specific astronomical applications. The frequency of review articles depends on the level of activity in different areas. The journal focuses on publishing review articles that are scientifically rigorous and easily comprehensible. These articles serve as a valuable resource for scientists, students, researchers, and lecturers who want to explore new or unfamiliar fields. The journal is abstracted and indexed in various databases including the Astrophysics Data System (ADS), BFI List, CNKI, CNPIEC, Current Contents/Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences, Dimensions, EBSCO Academic Search, EI Compendex, Japanese Science and Technology, and more.
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