The synergetic potential of gold nanoparticles and bone marrow stem cells in regeneration of tongue defects (An experimental study on Rats).

Abstract

Purpose: The tongue plays a vital role in physiological functions where tissue loss impairs the patient's life, so regenerative approaches are crucial. This study was performed to explore the synergetic possibility of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) in tongue defect regeneration.

Methods: Rats were subjected to surgical defects on the tongue's dorsal surface and divided into four groups: Group I (control): received no treatment, Group II (AuNPs): received 0.1 ml AuNPs solution (50 nm diameter) 1 mm sub-epithelial, Group III (BMSCs): received 0.1 ml BMSCs (3.5 × 105 cells/cm2), and Group IV (BMSCs/AuNPs) received 0.1 ml BMSCs (3.5 × 105 cells/cm2) previously cultured with 6 µg/ml AuNPs. Circumferential injections were made around the defect. Samples were collected and prepared for histological and immunohistochemical staining four and seven days after treatment, and then histomorphometric and statistical analyses were performed.

Results: The BMSCs/AuNPs group revealed better histological regeneration, including consistent epithelial stratification with a thick keratin layer, a regularly arranged basal cell layer, more vascularity, and well-arranged muscle bundles in connective tissue with fewer inflammatory cells than other groups. Regarding immunohistochemical. results, the BMSCs/AuNPs group demonstrated a significant increase in PCNA and S100 expression in both time intervals in comparison with other groups.

Conclusions: Wound healing after AuNPs in conjugation with BMSCs emphasized their synergetic effect on BMSCs. Attained. results extend to applied nanotechnology and regenerative medicine, supporting the application of AuNPs in wound healing fields.