Effectiveness of self-management interventions on Type 2 diabetes among young adults (18–45 years): A systematic review and meta-analysis

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Diabetic Medicine Pub Date : 2025-08-21 DOI:10.1111/dme.70127

Sonia Khavere, Michelle Hadjiconstantinou, Joanne Miksza, Jenny Hagan, Shukrat Salisu-Olatunji, Sara Naderpour, Sarah Nalir Hassen, Zahra Karimi, Clare L. Gillies

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Abstract

Aims

Self-management interventions effectively improve health outcomes in adults with Type 2 diabetes. Young adults living with Type 2 diabetes are at a higher risk of diabetes-related complications, hospitalisation and reduced quality of life. While self-management is key in diabetes care, its effectiveness in young adults with Type 2 diabetes remains unclear. This review assessed self-management interventions' impact on health outcomes in young adults (18–45 years) with Type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Five electronic databases were searched from inception to May 2024. Trials evaluating self-management interventions versus usual care in young adults were included. Outcomes of interest were clinical, self-care behaviour and psychological health. Meta-analysis used a random effects model; study quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB2) and the JBI checklist for quasi-experimental studies. The review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024522979).

Results

Ten studies were included, nine in the meta-analysis, which reported no significant differences between the intervention and control groups in HbA1c, body mass index, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipids, depression or self-efficacy outcomes. Nevertheless, these findings are imprecise due to few studies, missing data and small sample sizes. Commonly used behaviour change techniques were goals and planning, shaping knowledge and feedback/monitoring.

Conclusions

Existing self-management interventions did not improve clinical and psychological outcomes among young adults (18–45 years) living with Type 2 diabetes. More effective strategies are needed for this priority population.

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自我管理干预对年轻人（18-45岁）2型糖尿病的有效性：一项系统综述和荟萃分析

目的：自我管理干预有效改善成人2型糖尿病患者的健康结局。患有2型糖尿病的年轻人患糖尿病相关并发症、住院治疗和生活质量下降的风险更高。虽然自我管理是糖尿病护理的关键，但其对年轻2型糖尿病患者的有效性尚不清楚。本综述评估了自我管理干预对2型糖尿病年轻人（18-45岁）健康结局的影响。方法：检索自成立至2024年5月的5个电子数据库。包括评估年轻人自我管理干预与常规护理的试验。感兴趣的结果是临床、自我保健行为和心理健康。meta分析采用随机效应模型；采用Cochrane偏倚风险工具（RoB2）和准实验研究的JBI检查表评估研究质量。该审查遵循PRISMA指南，并在PROSPERO注册（CRD42024522979）。结果：纳入10项研究，其中9项纳入荟萃分析，报告干预组与对照组在HbA1c、体重指数、体重、腰围、血压、血脂、抑郁或自我效能结局方面无显著差异。然而，由于研究较少、数据缺失和样本量小，这些发现并不精确。常用的行为改变技术是目标和计划、形成知识和反馈/监测。结论：现有的自我管理干预措施并不能改善年轻2型糖尿病患者（18-45岁）的临床和心理结局。需要对这一优先人口采取更有效的战略。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Diabetic Medicine 医学-内分泌学与代谢

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

5.70%

发文量

229

审稿时长

3-6 weeks

期刊介绍： Diabetic Medicine, the official journal of Diabetes UK, is published monthly simultaneously, in print and online editions. The journal publishes a range of key information on all clinical aspects of diabetes mellitus, ranging from human genetic studies through clinical physiology and trials to diabetes epidemiology. We do not publish original animal or cell culture studies unless they are part of a study of clinical diabetes involving humans. Categories of publication include research articles, reviews, editorials, commentaries, and correspondence. All material is peer-reviewed. We aim to disseminate knowledge about diabetes research with the goal of improving the management of people with diabetes. The journal therefore seeks to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas between clinicians and researchers worldwide. Topics covered are of importance to all healthcare professionals working with people with diabetes, whether in primary care or specialist services. Surplus generated from the sale of Diabetic Medicine is used by Diabetes UK to know diabetes better and fight diabetes more effectively on behalf of all people affected by and at risk of diabetes as well as their families and carers.”