Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on trends of select travel-acquired enteric illnesses in Canada.

Lauren Rusk, Russell Forrest, Meghan Hamel
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Abstract

Background: Millions of Canadians contract enteric illnesses each year, many of which are acquired during, or are otherwise associated with, international travel. As the number of Canadians travelling fluctuates throughout the year, a corresponding change in the number of travel-acquired enteric illnesses was expected. A change in the number of travel-acquired enteric illnesses was also expected during the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions.

Objective: This study aims to explore trends in the number and distribution of select travel-acquired enteric infections in Canada, from May 2017 to April 2023.

Methods: To evaluate trends, Student's t-tests and negative binomial regression modelling were conducted. Percent changes and relative risks were calculated to assess the impact of the pandemic on travel-acquired enteric illnesses.

Results: Findings demonstrated a seasonal peak in the number of reported travel-acquired enteric illnesses during the winter and spring pre- and post-pandemic travel restrictions (May 2017-February 2020 and September 2021-April 2023). Additionally, there was a decrease in the number of travel-acquired enteric illnesses added to enteric illness travel clusters with cases in more than one province or territory (multi-jurisdictional) during and after the lifting of COVID-19 travel restrictions. However, cases reported post-travel restrictions had a higher risk of being added to a multi-jurisdictional enteric illness travel cluster compared to the pre-travel restriction phase.

Conclusion: Nonessential travel restrictions and changes in the healthcare-seeking behaviours due to the pandemic likely account in part for the change in the number of travel-acquired enteric illnesses observed while travel restrictions were implemented and after they were lifted. Further research is required to explain the increased risk of illnesses being added to multi-jurisdictional enteric illness travel clusters after the lifting of travel restrictions compared to pre-COVID-19.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

评估COVID-19大流行对加拿大部分旅行获得性肠道疾病趋势的影响。
背景:每年有数百万加拿大人患上肠道疾病,其中许多是在国际旅行期间获得的,或者与国际旅行有关。由于加拿大人全年旅行的人数波动,预计旅行获得性肠道疾病的人数也会相应变化。在COVID-19大流行限制期间,预计旅行获得性肠道疾病的数量也会发生变化。目的:本研究旨在探讨2017年5月至2023年4月加拿大特定旅行获得性肠道感染的数量和分布趋势。方法:采用学生t检验和负二项回归模型评价趋势。计算了百分比变化和相对风险,以评估大流行对旅行获得性肠道疾病的影响。结果:研究结果表明,在大流行前和后的冬季和春季旅行限制期间(2017年5月至2020年2月和2021年9月至2023年4月),报告的旅行获得性肠道疾病数量出现季节性高峰。此外,在取消COVID-19旅行限制期间和之后,在不止一个省或地区(多司法管辖区)发生病例的肠道疾病旅行聚集性病例中增加的旅行获得性肠道疾病的数量有所减少。然而,与旅行前限制阶段相比,报告的旅行后限制病例被加入多辖区肠道疾病旅行群集的风险更高。结论:非必要的旅行限制和大流行导致的求医行为的变化可能是旅行限制实施期间和取消旅行限制后观察到的旅行获得性肠道疾病数量变化的部分原因。与covid -19之前相比,需要进一步研究来解释在取消旅行限制后,多辖区肠道疾病旅行聚集性疾病增加的风险。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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