Immediate Implant Placement and Restorations in Single-Unit and Multiple-Unit FDPs: A Scoping Review of the Current Evidence, Indications, and Clinical Protocols.

Abstract

Purpose: This scoping review describes the current evidence on immediate implant placement (IIP) and immediate restoration (IR) in single-unit and multiple-unit fixed dental prostheses regarding anatomical, surgical, and prosthetic factors.

Materials and methods: Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for systematic reviews on IIP and IR in the anterior and posterior regions of the jaws. Bibliometric data and study details were extracted.

Results: A total of 28 systematic reviews were included. Most reviews addressed anatomical, surgical, and prosthetic factors for improving single-unit IIP and IR in the esthetic zone, with limited evidence for molars or multiunit prostheses. Key anatomical factors included buccal wall integrity, alveolar process dimensions, buccal gap width, and gingival phenotype. Surgical factors commonly addressed were flapless or flapped procedures, implant positioning, and the use of bone or soft tissue grafts. Prosthetic factors emphasized immediate loading protocols, provisional occlusal contacts, and screw-retained restorations.

Conclusions: IIP and IR demonstrate survival rates comparable to delayed protocols when supported by careful patient selection, precise surgical technique, and effective tissue management. The width of the gap, correct implant positioning, and adjunctive soft tissue and bone grafting are critical in the esthetic zone to preserve contours and prevent resorption. Future research should address the evidence gaps in posterior regions and multiunit prostheses to enhance the clinical applicability of immediate implant placement and restoration.